Lasting legacy of Ethiopia's famine. Food Insecurity in the Divided geopolitics!

 Lasting legacy of Ethiopia's famine. Food Insecurity in the Divided geopolitics!

 

Indian Holocaust My father`s Life and Time- One Hundred and EIGHTY THREE

 

Palash Biswas

 

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/

 

The Irish Famine as Represented in Nineteenth-Century Literature ...

Modern reviewers of Famine literature, poetry, and narratives are perhaps as much moved to horror and its accompanying sympathy by the stark depictions of ...
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The Great Hunger

April 15: The Famine in Literature, cont., read Kenny. April 22: The Great Hunger and the hole in our hearts: The Famine and Memory O'Grada, 6; Gribben, ...
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Irish literature :: Irish nationalism and the Great Potato Famine ...

Irish literature, Irish nationalism and the Great Potato Famine, Britannica Online Encyclopedia, In step with developments elsewhere in Europe, ...
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Irish Potato Famine :: Irish literature -- Britannica Online ...

Inhabitants of Galway, Ire., attacking a government potato store in response to local food shortages; wood engraving from the Illustrated London News, ...
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Chris Morash - Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 (review ...

Since the early 1990s, the shelf of Irish Famine literature has grown steadily, not only through new titles appearing regularly (and there are more in the ...
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by V Studies - 2005

Black Prophet: A Tale of Irish Famine Hibernia: Literature ...

Black Prophet: A Tale of Irish Famine Hibernia: Literature & Nation in Victorian Ireland: Amazon.co.uk: William Carleton, W. Harvey, John Kelly: Books.
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Amazon.com: Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 (Oxford ...

Amazon.com: Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 (Oxford Historical Monographs) (9780199254644): Melissa Fegan: Books.
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Irish Potato Famine, literature of the time, geography | A Way to ...

The Irish Potato Famine in Literature. Submitted by student1 on Wed, 2009-01-28 13:16. I haven't read anything that covered this subject - at least in a ...
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Article: Indifference, not genocide.(The Great Irish Potato Famine ...

(The Great Irish Potato Famine)(Book Review)' at AccessMyLibrary.com. ... Index of articles > Arts and Humanities > Literature and Writing publications ...
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Food and Famine in Victorian Literature

1 May 2009 ... Food and Famine in Victorian Literature. Theresa Lii '12, ENGL0600J: Mystics, Madmen, Prophets and Perverts, 2009 ...
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Book results for Famine in Literature

The Prophecy of Famine: A Scots Pastoral - by Charles Churchill - 48 pages

Literature and the Irish Famine 1845 1919 ... - by Melissa Fegan - 294 pages

The Great Irish Famine: Prepared for the ... - by Cormac Ó Gráda, Economic History Society - 96 pages

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Free Hunger Essays

The Symbolic Use of Hunger in Literature - The symbolic use of hunger in literature Throughout history, both men and women have struggled trying to achieve ...
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"HUNGER IN LITERATURE" (Subject) - @ The Questia School Online Library

Consumption Economics in literature. 6. Social classes in literature. 7. Hunger in literature. 8. Sex in literature. I. Title. PR4592. ...
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Hunger (2008) - Literature

Hunger on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more... ... button will take you through a step-by-step process. Browse titles in the literature section by letter: ...
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Bad Blood... the Hunger (2009) - Literature

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Food for Thought: Hunger—Around the Block,<br>Around the World

They will compare the depiction of hunger in world literature and describe causes of hunger in the world. Learners will distinguish between the many ...
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Knut Hamsun: Hunger - World Literature Forum

20 posts - 9 authors - Last post: 26 Mar

Hunger by Knut Hamsun translated by Sverre Lyngstad "Here I was walking around so hungry that my intestines were squirming inside me like ...
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Lionel Britton: Hunger And Love‎ - 15 Jul 2009
Wilhelm Raabe: The Hunger Pastor‎ - 18 Apr 2009
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The Hunger Games - Literature Network Forums

The book is about a place called Panem(a country risen from the ashes of America), that has a game called the Hunger Games every year. ...
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Hunger and Thirst.(Hunger and Thirst: Food Literature)(Brief ...

(Hunger and Thirst: Food Literature)(Brief article)(Book revie - Hunger and Thirst Nancy ... Los Angeles' hunger for literature.(advertising in the New York ...
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iPac2.0

Waisted women: reading Victorian slenderness -- Appetite in Victorian children's literature -- Hunger and repression in Shirley and Villette -- Vampirism ...
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Amazon.com: Hunger and Thirst: Food Literature (9780981602042 ...

Amazon.com: Hunger and Thirst: Food Literature (9780981602042): Nancy Cary: Books.
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Book results for Hunger in Literature

Hunger Overcome: Food and Resistance in ... - by Andrew Warnes - 232 pages

The Mouth that Begs: Hunger Cannibalism and ... - by Gang Yue - 468 pages

Literature and Politics in the Nineteenth ... - by John Lucas - 296 pages

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The Politics of Hunger | Foreign Affairs

The Politics of Hunger. How Illusion and Greed Fan the Food Crisis. Paul Collier · November/December 2008 · Print · Send to friend. Decrease font size; Text ...
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The politics of hunger - Le Monde diplomatique - English edition

Now here's a statistic you might have missed. The total wealth of the world's three richest individuals is greater than the combined gross domestic product ...
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Hunger - Politics of hunger

A selection of articles related to Hunger - Politics of hunger.
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The Politics of Hunger - Council on Foreign Relations

Politicians have it in their power to solve the food crisis, but they must be willing to end the biases against big commercial farms and genetically ...
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Editorial - Politics and Hunger - Editorial - NYTimes.com

9 Jun 2008 ... At last week's United Nations food summit, the world's more-developed nations proved, again, that domestic politics trumps humanitarian ...
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[PDF]

The Politics of Hunger: A Review

File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
The Politics of Hunger: A Review. Ralph Raico. States throughout history have persisted in severely encumbering and even prohibiting international trade. ...
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The Politics of Hunger | WFP | United Nations World Food Programme ...

The Politics of Hunger. Published on 12 January 2009. share +. Politicians have it in their power to solve the food crisis, but they must be willing to end ...
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The Changing Politics of Hunger :: Bread for the World :: Have ...

The Changing Politics of Hunger outlines the political strategies for solving world hunger in the early 21st century. Order from our online store ...
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Hunger Strikes, Contentious Politics, and Comparative Social ...

Hunger strikes have been an important tactic in many well-known social movements of the last century as with Gandhi Cesar Chavez Irish nationalists the ...
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Web exclusive | Hunger in India - Economy and Politics - livemint.com

20 Oct 2009 ... Web exclusive | Hunger in India, The 2009 Global Hunger Index, released last week by the International Food Policy Research Institute, ...
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Richard Manning: The Economy of Hunger

Starvation is Part of the Economic Plan. The Economy of Hunger. By RICHARD MANNING. Missoula, Montana. One of the many ironies of our time is that no news ...
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Hunger in a Global Economy :: Bread for the World :: Have Faith ...

Bread for the World Institute's 8th annual report on the state of world hunger, with a detailed analysis of how the global economy has affected the world's ...
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Climate Change, Hunger, Economy G8 Summit Top Priorities; France's ...

9 Jul 2009 ... President Barack Obama joined world leaders in Italy on Wednesday for three days of intense talks on threats to global security and ...
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Readings on Hunger, Poverty, and Economic Development

Presents a coherent picture about the amount of food in the world, the role it plays in a capitalist economy, why people are poor, and what measures can be ...
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World hunger/economy solution!!? - Yahoo! Answers

in the us, theres over 5000 deaths a day. so i ha…
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The East End Edition: Hunger and the Economy

8 Jul 2008 ... Hunger and the Economy. Written by: Kate Snyder, Development and Donor Communications Coordinator We all know the US economy is in a slump ...
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Bill Gates shifts focus to fighting hunger - Global economy ...

"Helping the poorest smallholder farmers grow more crops and get them to market is the world's single most powerful lever for reducing hunger," Mr Gates ...
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Data shows India failing in fight against hunger - Economy and ...

21 Oct 2008 ... Data shows India failing in fight against hunger, Although the report presents a disappointing picture, it does not provide a correct ...
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World hunger, the crisis inside the economic crisis -- latimes.com

12 Mar 2009 ... The economic crisis has now spread from Wall Street to Main Street to the places where there are no streets.
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Amazon.com: The Political Economy of Hunger: Selected Essays ...

Amazon.com: The Political Economy of Hunger: Selected Essays (WIDER Studies in Development Economics) (9780198288831): Jean Dreze, Amartya Sen, ...
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1. Hunger Asia

   www.worldforworld.org      Help us to eradicate hunger around the world. Join Now!

2. Hunger In South Asia

   www.thp.org      The Hunger Project works for a sustainable end to hunger & poverty

3. Hunger in asia

   www.wn.org      World Neighbors: Providing Training To Transform Communities. Join Us!

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1. BBC NEWS | South Asia | 'Hunger critical' in South Asia

   13 Oct 2006 ... A report released by a US-based group says South Asia continues to face "critical" levels of hunger.
   news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6046718.stm - Cached - Similar -

2. BBC NEWS | South Asia | Ignoring India's 'republic of hunger'

   25 Nov 2008 ... The BBC's Soutik Biswas asks why malnutrition is not a key issue with politicians as the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh goes to the ...
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3. Hunger in South Asia is at 40-year high: UNICEF - The China Post

   3 Jun 2009 ... More than 100 million people have joined the ranks of the chronically hungry in South Asia in the fallout from the global financial crisis, ...
   www.chinapost.com.tw/asia/regional-news/.../Hunger-in.htm - Cached - Similar -

4. Haq's Musings: Persistent Hunger on World Food Day in South Asia

   17 Oct 2009 ... Persistent Hunger on World Food Day in South Asia. Marking World Food Day today, October 16, 2009, the United Nations World Food Program ...
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5. Hunger levels "alarming" in South Asia, Africa: Report - dnaindia.com

   The report was released at the World Food Prize forum, where researchers, policy makers and philanthropists are meeting to discuss how best to tackle food ...
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6. Asia Times: Hunger in a land of plenty

   Southeast Asia Hunger in a land of plenty. WASHINGTON - Indonesia became the world's largest food aid recipient last year in a ''manufactured crisis'' ...
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7. South Asia Investor Review: India's War on Hunger Takes a Back Seat

   14 Dec 2008 ... South Asia Investor Review is focused on reporting, analyzing and discussing the economy and the financial markets of countries in South ...
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8. Hunger issues in South Asia - by Harriet Lee - Helium

   Hunger issues in South Asia.Hunger is the bodys way of signaling that it is running short of food and needs to eat something. The lack of food lead..., ...
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9. IPCC Report: Millions At Risk Of Hunger And Water Stress In Asia ...

   10 Apr 2007 ... IPCC Report: Millions At Risk Of Hunger And Water Stress In Asia Unless ... Almost 60% of this increase will occur in South Asia (along ...
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10. World Hunger Notes--Trends and Current Status of Malnutrition

    DEPARTMENTS. YOU CAN!... spacer.gif (34 bytes). MORE ABOUT HUNGER NOTES ... The best performer was East and South Asia, decreasing 30 percentage points from ...
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« View all web results for Hunger in South Asia The Associated Press Italian agriculture chief blasts food speculation The Associated Press - John Heilprin - ‎8 hours ago‎ All but 15 million of the world's malnourished people are believed to live in developing countries, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. ... Bangladesh leads South Asia in fighting hunger The Daily Star - ‎Oct 16, 2009‎ Bangladesh has ranked 13th among 29 vulnerable countries in terms of combating hunger by successfully reducing its rate over the last few years. ... Daily Nation Hunger levels "alarming" in S.Asia, Africa -report Reuters India - Roberta Rampton - ‎Oct 14, 2009‎ ... hunger since 1990, a new report said on Wednesday, pointing to 29 countries with alarming levels of malnutrition, mainly in Africa and South Asia. ... 40 percent Indian children are underweight, says global index Thaindian.com Report links hunger, gender inequality for first time Seattle Post Global Hunger 'serious' Business Mirror Voice of America - Inter Press Service all 75 news articles » Email this story Nazret.com RP scores 'near-perfect' gender equality in food Business Mirror - Lyn Resurreccion - ‎Oct 18, 2009‎ Ifpri said the study found that women's status in 39 countries in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America that were explored significantly affects ... Web exclusive | Hunger in India Livemint Six African countries fare worst on The Global Hunger Index Afrik.com India: Developing to become the 'Hunger Land'! HotnHitNews all 8 news articles » Email this story DEVELOPMENT: Towards food security —Syed Mohammad Ali Daily Times - ‎Oct 19, 2009‎ Widespread malnourishment among the rural and urban poor across South Asia, including Pakistan, glaringly illustrates the reality of this threat. ... guardian.co.uk If we fail to limit dangerous climate change ... The Daily Star - ‎15 hours ago‎ Bangladesh, and other countries in South Asia, will be vulnerable to sea level rises endangering over 100 million people as well as declining yields of ... Video: Lack of clarity on climate change UTVi all 1,677 news articles » Email this story Experts Worry as Population and Hunger Grow New York Times - Neil MacFarquhar - ‎Oct 21, 2009‎ South Asia is among the regions that need new food production the most. Farmers work in a rice field in eastern India. The number of hungry people in the ... :. Dialogue is the only option Kashmir Watch - ‎20 hours ago‎ And South Asia has probably suffered the most. The American anger was understandable, however it is debatable whether it was wise to attack Afghanistan or ... Straits Times World Food Day: China's fight against hunger over the past 3 decades CCTV - ‎Oct 16, 2009‎ ... has made little progress in reducing hunger since 1990, pointing to 29 counties with alarming levels of malnutrition, mainly in Africa and South Asia. ... Video: World Food Day: Pope says access to food is a human right Rome Reports New Food Reports Highlight Growing Global Hunger Kaiser Family Foundation India boosting production of food grains for enhancing food security Northern Voices Online Radio Australia - Voice of America all 1,014 news articles » Email this story USDA To Have 'Important But Modest Role' In US Global Agriculture Initiative ... Kaiser Family Foundation - ‎17 hours ago‎ Poverty and difficult growing conditions plague the places that need new production most, namely sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia," the newspaper writes. ... Stay up to date on these results: Create an email alert for Hunger in South Asia Add a news gadget for Hunger in South Asia to your Google homepage Search blogs for Hunger in South Asia

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Web exclusive | Hunger in India Livemint - Saabira Chaudhuri - ‎Oct 19, 2009‎ The 2009 Global Hunger Index, released last week by the International Food Policy Research Institute, ranks India's hunger situation as "alarming". ... India: Developing to become the 'Hunger Land'! HotnHitNews Six African countries fare worst on The Global Hunger Index Afrik.com A new approach to global food security and hunger New Vision Business Mirror all 8 news articles » Email this story Indefinite hunger strike from Oct 29: TGTSOA Times of India - ‎11 hours ago‎ PANAJI: Protesting the state's Beach Shack Policy 2009-10, the Goa traditional shack owners association (TGTSOA) will go on an indefinite hunger strike from ... Shack owners split over new policy, threaten stir Herald Publications Beach shack policy approved Times of India all 5 news articles » Email this story guardian.co.uk Mixed messages in hunger report BBC News - Mark Doyle - ‎Oct 16, 2009‎ It says hunger exists in India not because there is insufficient food, but because people cannot access it, and that the exploitation of natural resources ... World Food Day Marked, ActionAid International Releases Hunger Report Kaiser Family Foundation Half of India's children malnourished, says NGO report Gaea Times (blog) Governments accused of making hunger worse OneWorld.net Sowetan - British Journal of Photography all 189 news articles » Email this story Action Aid praises China but criticises India in its effort towards ... fnbnews.com - ‎6 hours ago‎ The report evaluated the efforts of developing countries to tackle hunger. In its report it praised Brazil and China, but however criticised India in its ... CricInfo.com This feast of Champions League cricket is wasted if India is already stuffed guardian.co.uk - ‎Oct 21, 2009‎ The fans need the same hunger that they expect to see from the players. You won't get that on a bellyful of cricket. Long live the Champions League CricInfo.com all 50 news articles » Email this story guardian.co.uk If we fail to limit dangerous climate change ... The Daily Star - ‎15 hours ago‎ It examines the impacts on agricultural production, with potentially hundreds of millions more people at risk from hunger. It tells us that climate change ... Video: Lack of clarity on climate change UTVi all 1,677 news articles » Email this story Talking Climate Times of India - ‎Oct 19, 2009‎ Other signatories like India were to be encouraged to set their own targets voluntarily, as their urgent need is to alleviate poverty and hunger, ... Seattle Post Intelligencer Bill Gates funds in agri sector to eradicate hunger Commodity Online - ‎Oct 16, 2009‎ ... small-farmer policies in India and Africa. Gates said that an "ideological wedge" of environmentalism was hurting the fight against hunger in Africa. ... Bill Gates foundation announces $9.7 million aid for Indian farmers Times of India Bill Gates calls for new green revolution in agriculture Seattle Times Gates pledges millions to African, Indian farming AFP Reuters - Kaiser Family Foundation all 687 news articles » Email this story CricInfo.com Movement for Change lauds TT cricket team Trinidad News - ‎3 hours ago‎ "The team continues to demonstrate what many of us have yearned for over the last few years..a never say die attitude and a hunger for success, ... Up for Cobras Trinidad & Tobago Express all 198 news articles » हिंदी में Email this story Rediff Bill Gates reveals support for GMO ag Grist Magazine - Tom Philpott - ‎Oct 21, 2009‎ But it's demonstrably wrong to claim that the Green Revolution ended hunger and poverty in India. According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index, India ranks 66 ... Bill Gates to help African and Indian farmers iEncyclopedia Gates Foundation to announce grants to promote agriculture at world food prize ... News-Medical.net Gates Foundation Helping The Poorest Smallholder Farmers Grow More Crops NewsBlaze all 227 news articles » Email this story Stay up to date on these results: Create an email alert for Hunger in India Add a news gadget for Hunger in India to your Google homepage Search blogs for Hunger in India

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1. Bengal famine of 1943 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

   The Bengal famine of 1943 is one amongst the several famines that occurred in British administered Bengal. It is estimated that around 3 million people died ...
   

   Possible Causes - The Response - Famines and democracies

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943 - Cached - Similar -

2. Bengal famine of 1770 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

   The Bengal famine of 1770 (Bengali: ৭৬-এর মন্বন্তর, Chhiattōrer monnōntór; lit The Famine of '76) was a catastrophic famine between 1769 and ...
   

   Background - The famine - East India Company ... - See also

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3. India's Green Revolution

   Known as the Bengal Famine, an estimated four million people died of hunger that year alone in eastern India (that included today's Bangladesh). ...
   www.indiaonestop.com/Greenrevolution.htm - Cached - Similar -

4. The 1943 Bengal Famine

   Kalpana Bardhan's website for recent translations from Bengali/Bangla literature.
   www.bangla-translator.net/ - Cached - Similar -

5. THE GREAT HOLOCAUST OF BENGAL

   4 Apr 2005 ... A sketch by Zainul Abedin depicting Bengal Famine 1943 .... Amartya Sen has used the Bengal famine to justify democracy and run down ...
   www.samarthbharat.com/bengalholocaust.htm - Cached - Similar -

6. Bengal famine (1943, Bengal) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia

   Britannica online encyclopedia article on Bengal famine (1943, Bengal), A good example of an entitlement-based famine without a commensurate shortfall in ...
   www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/.../Bengal-famine - Cached - Similar -

7. HVK Archives: Bengal famine of 1943 and crime of Muslim League ...

   The famine situation affected rural Bengal more than the urban .... Bengal famine constituted the most immediate problem and that the ...
   www.hvk.org/articles/0198/0001.html - Cached - Similar -

8. BBC/OU Open2.net - The Things We Forgot To Remember - The Bengal ...

   That was the Bengal Famine of 1942-4, which left around a million dead: it was a famine that happened on Britain's watch, and gave the lie to the claim by ...
   www.open2.net/thingsweforgot/thebengalfamine.html - Cached - Similar -

9. Bengal famine of 1770 - Background

   A selection of articles related to Bengal famine of 1770 - Background.
   www.experiencefestival.com/bengal_famine_of_1770_-_background - Cached - Similar -

10. Bengal Famine of 1943

    Indeed, sociologists, economists, and historians had viewed the infamous Bengal famine of 1943-4, as a man-made catastrophe. It drastically wiped of 3 ...
    www.indianetzone.com/7/the_bengal_famine_1943.htm - Cached - Similar -

11. Timeline results for Bengal famine

    1770	As the Bengal famine approached its most severe stage in April 1770, the Company announced a further increase of the land tax to 60% of potential ... www.atimes.com
    1943	In 1943, the Bengal Famine put Zainul in the role of an artist who had little energy to live in the aesthetised world of beauty and grace. What he ... www.thedailystar.net

    More timeline results »

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1. Great Chinese Famine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

   The Great Chinese Famine (simplified Chinese: 三年大饥荒; traditional Chinese: 三年大饑荒; pinyin: sān nián dà jī huāng), officially referred to as the ...
   

   Causes - Outcome - See also - Notes

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine - Cached - Similar -

2. China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

   About 35 million overseas Chinese live in Southeast Asia today. The famine in 1876-79 claimed between 9 and 13 million lives in northern China. ...
   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China - Cached - Similar -

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3. Case-studies: Chinese famine

   In recent years, famines have only occurred as a result of wars. The last major non-war famine was the Chinese Great Leap Forward famine. ...
   library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/past/chinese.htm - Cached - Similar -
4. [PDF]

   WHAT CAUSED THE GREAT CHINESE FAMINE?

   File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
   The Chinese famine of 1959–61 resulted in the deaths of up to 30 million ... the causes of the Chinese famine. They find that both the absolute level of ...
   www.res.org.uk/society/mediabriefings/pdfs/2000/.../yang3.pdf - Similar -

5. China's great famine: 40 years later -- Smil 319 (7225): 1619 -- BMJ

   Yet in contrast to other great famines of the 20th century (Ukraine 1932-3, Bengal 1943-4), the causes of the Chinese famine and an attribution of ...
   www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/319/7225/1619 - Similar -
   by V Smil - 1999 - Cited by 31 - Related articles - All 12 versions

6. Horror of a Hidden Chinese Famine - The New York Times

   5 Feb 1997 ... The most extreme of those illusions, generated in those years by pro-Chinese writers like Edgar Snow and Han Suyin, was that no famine took ...
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7. SSRN-Food Availability, Entitlements and the Chinese Famine of ...

   SSRN-Food Availability, Entitlements and the Chinese Famine of 1959-61 by Dennis Yang, Justin Yifu Lin.
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8. Poker and the great Chinese famine : Marcus Bateman : Poker

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9. Truth on Chinese famine emerges Great Leap Forward responsible for ...

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10. Obesity - Abstract of article: The Great Chinese Famine Leads to ...

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The phantom enemy The Maoists are laying their bet on the Union home minister In their own manner, Indian Maoists have worked out the rationale of what they are doing. The grisly serial murders they are indulging in are, in the first instance, intended to warn god-fearing men and women in the areas they are entrenched in to be...  | Read..  Auto Corner No recall, Tatas plans checks on 7,500 Nanos Tata Motors said it may undertake a pre-emptive check on the 7,500-odd Nanos, after faulty combination switch resulted in fires. Reva may sport made-in-US tag | 2nd-hand auto sales surge Long waiting for car may play dampener | Tata Indigo Manza More >>

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091023/jsp/opinion/index.jsp

 

Should bondholders be bailed out? The best policy should categorically exclude bondholders from the set of potential beneficiaries of government bailouts.

How to combat the Maoists 

Unless we change the anti-people bias institutionalised through laws and end the alienation of tribals, we cannot win against Maoists.

Women entrepreneurs creating a fairy tale 

Women entrepreneurs are a growing breed today, thanks to an ecosystem being created by support organisations.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Opinion/opinionshome/897228639.cms

 

Is ETHIOPIA so far away as Romantic Poetry rhetoric is concerned!As we live in a Peripherry of US war ECONOMY, I have been writing since the Beginning of Post Modern Manusmriti aparthed Rule and ECONOMIC Reforms do unite the RULING Classes worldwide! How may we gain SUSTENANCE remaing so ISOLATED like Islands, say continets or Hemisphesre whilethe MOON and MARS and far AWAY Planets from different Galaxies have to be COLONISED very soon! While you are in a GLOBAL Village, you must behave as GLOBAL Citizens but the have BLINDED usas GLOBAL CONSUMERS with Strategic Marketing based in Holy Scripts and Political Ideological hypocricies! We believed the Marxists for Hundreds of years and now we fall in love with Maoist Menace! May it save us from Ultinmate Destruction? ultimate calamity. provided NUCLEAR Plants in Pakistan or India are TARGETED in TerrorStrikes, how far would be HIROSHIMA and Nagasaki as we alredy seem tobe Habitual to live with Bhopalgas Tragedy, Babri demolition, CHERNOBYLS!

 

I read GOOD EARTH in my CHILDHOOD which deals with Great China FAMINE!CHHOTOKAKA got the book for me while I was a Primary student and jsut learning reading. WANG remains in my heart even today and OLAN resembles our women folk. We read only the VIETNAM reports while we SAW the OIL War! The VISUAL LIVE CAST and REALTY SHOWS these days may not change our senses! RUSSIAN Classics and ENGLISH Novels with French Classic Les Miserables EXPOSE the WORLD only, in which we BREATHE even today! Tragedy of TESS is our RURAL Indian IDENTITY. DICKENS Novelexposes Industrialisation MYth so Naked!

 

Frineds, we the Black Untouchable Negroid Pan African ENSLAVED people selected for ETHNIC Cleansing, to whom my father belonged as well as my fore fathers, we do live in the World of ETHIOPIA! 

 

Is the Tragedy of Othelo limited within African Humanscape?

 

Is the ANTI APARTHEID movement in AFRICA not our Heritage?

 

We may  not dare to distance or detach ourselves fromeither ETHIOPIA nor SOMALIA but NONE amongst us seems to replicate the Original REBEL, SPARTCUS in GREEK!

 

Yes, our life and time, both have the elements of Greek Tragedy where we are the same people, the same suffering Humanity worldwide since time INFINITE BONDED by DESTINY,INEQUALITY, INJUSTICE, ETHNIC CLEANSING, HOLOCAUST, EXODUS, DESTRUCTION, CALAMITIES, PANDEMICS, UNTOUCHABILITY,APARTHEID, REPRESSION, HEGEMONY, FOOD INSECURITY, global Warming, CLIMATE Change and the GLOBAL Market!

 

Why do you forget the Continuity of bengal and Chinese FAMINES? Why do you not see the DEATH PROCESSIONS and SUICIDES, Massacres and genocide culture! We need not any fresh CONNECTIVITY with our brothers in AFRICA , Europe, Australia or AMERICAS! We are CONECTED in Blood!

 

The Galaxy Hegemony seeks for Human Space in ZERO but thsi EARTH suffers INTENSE Food Insecurity in every part of different Geopolitics, different Culture, different Nationality and different FOLK!

 

We stnd UNITED in HUNGER and STARVATION ,though we may not bethat ROCK SOLID in RESISTANCE but the Insurrections continue!

 

Hunger Facts: International

World Hunger and Poverty: How They Fit Together

• 1.02 billion people across the world are hungry. ¹

• Every day, almost 16,000 children die from hunger-related causes--one child every five seconds. ²

• In essence, hunger is the most extreme form of poverty, where individuals or families cannot afford to meet their most basic need for food. ³
  
  
  
• Hunger manifests itself in many ways other than starvation and famine. Most poor people who battle hunger deal with chronic undernourishment and vitamin or mineral deficiencies, which result in stunted growth, weakness and heightened susceptibility to illness. ³
  
  
• Countries in which a large portion of the population battles hunger daily are usually poor and often lack the social safety nets we enjoy, such as soup kitchens, food stamps, and job training programs. When a family that lives in a poor country cannot grow enough food or earn enough money to buy food, there is nowhere to turn for help. ³
  

Facts and Figures on Population

• Today our world is home to 6.7 billion people. ⁴
  
  
• The United States is a part of the high-income group of nations, which consists of about 65 countries with a combined population of about 1 billion, less than one sixth of the world's population.  ⁵

• In contrast, approximately 5.6 billion people live in low and lower-middle income economies. This world, earning under $3,705 GNI per capita, is made up of about 103 low and middle income countries in which people generally have a lower standard of living with access to fewer goods and services than people in high-income countries. ⁶

Facts and Figures on Hunger and Poverty

• In 2005, almost 1.4 billion people lived below the international poverty line, earning less than $1.25 per day. ⁷

• Among this group of poor people, many have problems obtaining adequate, nutritious food for themselves and their families. As a result, 947 million people in the developing world are undernourished. They consume less than the minimum amount of calories essential for sound health and growth. ⁸

• Undernourishment negatively affects people's health, productivity, sense of hope and overall well-being. A lack of food can stunt growth, slow thinking, sap energy, hinder fetal development and contribute to mental retardation. ¹

• Economically, the constant securing of food consumes valuable time and energy of poor people, allowing less time for work and earning income. ¹
  
  
• Socially, the lack of food erodes relationships and feeds shame so that those most in need of support are often least able to call on it. ¹
  
  
• Go to the World Food Programme website and click on either "Counting the Hungry" or "Interactive Hunger Map" for presentations on hunger and poverty around the world.
  

Facts and Figures on Health

• Poor nutrition and calorie deficiencies cause nearly one in three people to die prematurely or have disabilities, according to the World Health Organization. ⁹

• Pregnant women, new mothers who breastfeed infants, and children are among the most at risk of undernourishment. ⁹

• In 2006, about 9.7 million children died before they reached their fifth birthday. Almost all of these deaths occured in developing countries, 4/5 of them in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the two regions that also suffer from the highest rates of hunger and malnutrition. ¹⁰

• Most of these deaths are attributed, not to outright starvation, but to diseases that move in on vulnerable children whose bodies have been weakened by hunger. ¹¹
  
• Every year, more than 20 million low-birth weight babies are born in developing countries. These babies risk dying in infancy, while those who survive often suffer lifelong physical and cognitive disabilities. ¹²

• The four most common childhood illnesses are diarrhea, acute respiratory illness, malaria and measles. Each of these illnesses is both preventable and treatable. Yet, again, poverty interferes in parents' ability to access immunizations and medicines. Chronic undernourishment on top of insufficient treatment greatly increases a child's risk of death. ¹¹ 

• In the developing world, 26 percent of children under 5 are moderately to severely underweight. 10 percent are severely underweight. 11 percent of children under 5 are moderately to severely wasted, or seriously below weight for one's height, and an overwhelming 32 percent are moderately to severely stunted, or seriously below normal height for one's age. ¹³

Facts and Figures on HIV/AIDS

• The spreading HIV/AIDS epidemic has quickly become a major obstacle in the fight against hunger and poverty in developing countries. 

• Because the majority of those falling sick with AIDS are young adults who normally harvest crops, food production has dropped dramatically in countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates. ¹³

• In half of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, per capita economic growth is estimated to be falling by between 0.5 and 1.2 percent each year as a direct result of AIDS. ¹⁴

• Infected adults also leave behind children and elderly relatives, who have little means to provide for themselves. In 2003, 12 million children were newly orphaned in southern Africa, a number expected to rise to 18 million in 2010. ¹⁴

• Since the epidemic began, 25 million people have died from AIDS, which has caused more than 15 million children to lose at least one parent. For its analysis, UNICEF uses a term that illustrates the gravity of the situation; child-headed households, or minors orphaned by HIV/AIDS who are raising their siblings. ¹³, ¹⁵
  
  
• 1 % (ages 15-49) of the world is HIV prevalent (2005 data). ⁵
  
  
• 1.1 % (ages 15-49) of developing countries are HIV prevalent (2005 data). ⁵
  
  
• Approximately 39.5 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in the world. Of this figure, 63 percent live in Sub-Saharan Africa. ¹⁴
  
  
• In 2006, 4.3 million people become infected with HIV and 2.9 million people died of AIDS. ¹⁴

http://www.bread.org/learn/hunger-basics/hunger-facts-international.html

 

Meanwhile, reuter reports:

 

Despite Doha, India pushes ahead with free trade

 

India's rising number of free trade agreements signals a commitment to more open markets, but the question remains whether such deals

will smooth the way for Asia's third-largest economy to sign a global trade pact.

Against the backdrop of the stuttering Doha world trade talks and the global economic slowdown, the Indian government has pushed ahead with smaller, more manageable deals with the likes of Thailand, South Korea and the ASEAN bloc of nations.

New Delhi is also eyeing pacts with big hitters such as the European Union, to whom Indian exports jumped 29 per cent from the previous year to $34.5 billion in 2007-8, according to Indian government data.

But Doha remains the biggest prize at a time when the financial crisis has smothered exports and raised the spectre of a return to protectionism.

There are fears preferential one-on-one deals could entangle countries such as India and shrink their bargaining power in a Doha deal, still stuck after eight years.

But for India, the government says it's so far, so good. "(FTAs) will not really create handicaps for us, they don't constrain our position," PK Dash, a trade ministry official involved in FTA negotiations, told news agency.

"We believe it is in line with our issues in the multilateral forum."

Critics in rich countries blamed India for the collapse of the Doha talks last year in a row over farm and industry tariffs.

India has since made optimistic noises about reaching a deal, and a gradual lowering of barriers through FTAs could actually help prepare a country historically cautious about freeing its markets for a global pact.

"Sometimes these FTAs also serve as what you might call an immunisation or inoculation," said Rajiv Kumar, head of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.

"The real benefit to India comes along in terms of making India more open and less protected."

 

India, China sign climate cooperation deal

21 Oct 2009, 1822 hrs IST, REUTERS

NEW DELHI: India and China

on Wednesday signed a broad agreement to cooperate in the fight against climate change and also underlined a common position on contentious talks for a tougher global climate deal.

The sweeping agreement covers cooperation for action to reduce planet-warming greenhouse gases, transfer of technology and in areas of energy efficiency and renewables, among others.

It comes weeks before a major climate meeting in Copenhagen in December the United Nations hopes will end with agreement on a broader pact to slow the pace of climate change that scientists say is caused by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

Finding ways to get big developing nations to join is crucial, the United Nations says, with China now the world's top greenhouse gas emitter and India the fourth largest.

The deal is among several that India is sealing with rich and developing nations as proof of its commitment towards sealing a new climate pact meant to expand or replace the existing Kyoto Protocol.

"My clear understanding is that India is in no way signing bilateral deals to undermine multi-lateral negotiations. This is an expression of interest in finding common ground," said Sunita Narain, director of the Centre for Science and Environment.

Tuesday's agreement, which holds good for five years, was signed by India's Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh and Xie Zhenhua, vice minister at China's National Development and Reform Commission.

India signed a similar deal with Japan this week and has spoken of cooperation with South Korea, Brazil and the United States.

The India-China agreement said developed countries should take the lead in fighting climate change by reducing emissions and providing finance and technology to poorer nations.

It said: "...that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol are the most appropriate framework for addressing climate change."

The Kyoto Protocol, the first phase of which ends in 2012, obliges 37 rich nations to cut emissions by an average of five percent below 1990 levels by 2008-12.

A huge gap also exists between rich countries reluctant to pay the fiscal and lifestyle costs of deep cuts in their emissions, and developing states which say they must be allowed to increase emissions so their economies can catch up.

Negotiations have stumbled on lack of clarity on the amount, sources and management of any climate funds as well as the legal nature of any new post-2012 pact.

 

Gloom, frustration mark Doha talks

23 Oct 2009, 0337 hrs IST, REUTERS

GENEVA: Gloomy negotiators are expressing frustration at the lack of progress in the World Trade Organisation's Doha round, even as they hold an intensive series of meetings intended to secure a breakthrough.

"We have a credibility problem... these are lean times," said the ambassador of one emerging country, as he left a meeting of key delegations to take stock of the talks, which political leaders want wrapped up by next year.

"People are saying it's not just about procedure, but about substance," added a senior ambassador from a developing country.

The Doha round is now in its eighth year, but its promise of opening markets and helping developing countries to prosper through trade seems remote, with WTO members apparently unwilling to compromise enough to kickstart the stalled talks.

"My perception is that despite all the meetings there has been no progress whatsoever," Brazil's WTO ambassador Roberto Azevedo said.

BACKTRACKING

Azevedo even detected some backtracking. Rich countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan and other food importers wanted to step up protection for their farmers beyond levels agreed in abortive talks in July last year, he said.

At the same time they were calling on developing countries to open their markets more to industrial goods and services.

WTO members agreed only in September on an intensive work programme until the end of the year. This involved negotiations on the full range of trade issues, attended once a month by senior officials from capitals, plus informal bilateral contacts and meetings in small groups.

But many countries – led by Argentina – expressed frustration on Thursday at being left out of meetings of a dozen leading players hosted by the European Union which they say touched on topics of direct interest to them.

Many WTO members believe the blockage in the talks comes from Washington -- where free trade is hard to sell politically and trade generally is a lower priority than issues such as healthcare, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis. 
GENEVA: Gloomy negotiators are expressing frustration at the lack of progress in the World Trade Organisation's Doha round, even as they hold an intensive series of meetings intended to secure a breakthrough.

"We have a credibility problem... these are lean times," said the ambassador of one emerging country, as he left a meeting of key delegations to take stock of the talks, which political leaders want wrapped up by next year.

"People are saying it's not just about procedure, but about substance," added a senior ambassador from a developing country.

The Doha round is now in its eighth year, but its promise of opening markets and helping developing countries to prosper through trade seems remote, with WTO members apparently unwilling to compromise enough to kickstart the stalled talks.

"My perception is that despite all the meetings there has been no progress whatsoever," Brazil's WTO ambassador Roberto Azevedo said.

BACKTRACKING

Azevedo even detected some backtracking. Rich countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan and other food importers wanted to step up protection for their farmers beyond levels agreed in abortive talks in July last year, he said.

At the same time they were calling on developing countries to open their markets more to industrial goods and services.

WTO members agreed only in September on an intensive work programme until the end of the year. This involved negotiations on the full range of trade issues, attended once a month by senior officials from capitals, plus informal bilateral contacts and meetings in small groups.

But many countries – led by Argentina – expressed frustration on Thursday at being left out of meetings of a dozen leading players hosted by the European Union which they say touched on topics of direct interest to them.

Many WTO members believe the blockage in the talks comes from Washington -- where free trade is hard to sell politically and trade generally is a lower priority than issues such as healthcare, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis.

 

PM looks to fast-track Asean talks 22 Oct 2009, 0119 hrs IST, Amiti Sen, ET Bureau

NEW DELHI

: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is likely to ask the ten-member Asean grouping to speed up bilateral negotiations on opening up markets in

services and investments during the East-Asia Summit and the India-Asean Summit in Bangkok this week, a government official has said.
Commerce and industry minister Anand Sharma, who will accompany the PM, will hold talks with Asean ministers on the execution of the recently-concluded free trade agreement (FTA) on goods, and also the investment and services pact in the works.

India is keen on getting the agreement on services and investments finalised. The reason is that as Asean's tariffs on goods were already low, India is expected to reap a much greater benefit from the agreement on services and investment than from goods.

"Since services and investments are the main areas of interest for India, the country is keen that the negotiations happen with the same enthusiasm with which the talks on goods were carried out. The PM will pass on this message at the summit," said a commerce department official, requesting anonymity.

 

Mr Shrama is scheduled to enter ink a pact with his Vietnamese counterpart, giving recognition to the country as a market economy, following which Vietnam will sign the FTA, the official said. Vietnam is the only country that did not sign the India-Asean FTA as it had insisted on the market economy status from India.

He will also exchange views on the pan-Asian economic ties that is being planned between the Asean countries, Japan, China, Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand.

India is also expected to "enthusiastically" participate in the discussions on the pan-Asian economic partnership which ultimately would lead to a free trade area in the entire Asia-Pacific region. "Now that India has signed the long negotiated FTA with Asean, it can participate in the East Asia talks with a feeling of greater ownership," the official said.

The Asean countries include Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam.  

 

Rice crop reels under Deccan floods in Maharashtra

7 Oct 2009, 0728 hrs IST, Jayashree Bhosale, ET Bureau

 

PUNE: Heavy rain in Maharashtra has damaged crops spread over 1 lakh hectare in eight districts. This includes 79,000 hectare of recently sown rabi jowar, which will need re-sowing. However, the overall rainfall will be helpful for the rabi and the standing sugarcane crop.

The rain has also damaged the standing crop of rice in the Konkan region. Rice, which was ready for harvesting, has been damaged over 18,000 hectare in the two districts of Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri.

State agriculture commissioner Prabhakar Deshmukh who toured the Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts on Tuesday told ET that in Sindhudurg, 4,800 hectare of rice, especially near rivers, is under water.

"The heavy rainfall, which was more than 400 mm on some days, has damaged the early maturing varieties of rice, which were at the harvesting stage," he said.

Jowar, gram, wheat and maize are the main rabi crops of the state. The Pune region, comprising Ahmednagar, Pune and Solapur, is the main jowar-growing area in the state. Rabi jowar sowing began a fortnight ago and had picked up momentum last week, with five lakh hectare added to the area under jowar in that week alone.

Solapur, represented by Union agriculture minister Sharad Pawar and Union power minister Sushilkumar Shinde, had taken the lead in sowing of rabi jowar. Till October 5, jowar has been sown on more than 1 lakh hectare in the district, amounting to 15% of the normal jowar area there. Of this 1 lakh hectare, re-sowing will be needed to be done in over 62,000 hectare. Akkalkot and Mangalvedha are the main talukas in Solapur where jowar has been damaged by the recent downpour.

In Sangli district, too, rabi jowar will have to be re-sown on 15,000 hectare. Here, the maximum damage has taken place in Jat taluka, a perennially drought-prone area.

Overall, though, the current rainfall is expected to prove helpful for the rabi season of the state as sowing of a majority of the rabi crops like gram and wheat is yet to begin. Maharashtra has 53.6 lakh hectare under rabi while sowing has taken place on 14% of this area so far.

Kharif crop estimates to be out on Oct 15 sans flood-impact

8 Oct 2009, 0409 hrs IST, Prabha Jagannathan, ET Bureau

 

NEW DELHI: After a prolonged delay that set the cash registers ringing for agri commodities countrywide, the Centre is readying the release of its early kharif crop estimates by October 15. But irony of ironies: the farm ministry's estimates will be based mainly on inputs of crop acreage and damage from all the states in the aftermath of poor rains and outright drought in more than half the districts for the country.

It will take much longer for Krishi Bhavan to collate the actual damage from the recent heavy rains and floods in three states to standing paddy, cotton, groundnut, soyabean, maize and jowar (coarse cereals) crops in several flood affected districts.

Prices for several of these could go up further, as also for some spices, pulses and vegetables on the back of apprehensions of adverse impact. But the real fear is the extent to which the damage will increase pressure on Rabi output, already under heavy pressure to increase, after the extensive drought, to make for foodgrain shortfall pegged at a rough estimate of at least 18%. "We are working on releasing the first advance estimates for 2009-10 indicating production projections for key kharif crops by October 15. All the states have given their crop assessment inputs as a consequence of the poor monsoons in several districts only recently, although they were supposed to do this by end August so that the estimates were out on time by mid to end September," a farm ministry official in the know told ET.

The recent rains and floods in three states wreaked extensive damage to irrigation facilities and roads and bridges, to cattle and farmsteads etc. Apart from kharif, that will also impact on any possibility of early Rabi sowing in all these district unless farmers are supported through special loans.

The farm ministry could, in the event, push for support to farmers in these states so that they may maximise Rabi output despite the developments. We have directed the state governments to let us know early on whether any significant revision of crop estimates is needed in the flood affected districts. That will likely take another fortnight for district officials to survey the regions and report to the Centre, the official said.

However, a detailed report is only expected after the relief and rescue operations are completed, a development that has been made easier for the defence forces after water levels receded on Tuesday.

The Centre has already received massive interim damage assessment reports for infrastructure, agriculture, irrigation horticulture and animal husbandry from both state governments. What could also definitely add to the Kharif crop output woes of the government is that the floods could bring down further the current estimates of rice output, already down by 10-12 million tonnes because of a six million hectare lower acreage. Andhra Pradesh, among the affected states, is a key rice producer for the country.

The entire Krishna, Mehboobnagar, Prakasam and Kurnool beltl in AP and parts of neighbouring Karnataka that were flood-hit are paddy regions.

 

Govt seeks estimate of short-term farm loans

23 Oct 2009, 0310 hrs IST, ET Bureau

MUMBAI: To help the government assess likely interest subsidy amount, RBI on Thursday asked state-run banks for estimates on short-term loan of up to Rs 3 lakh given to each farmer in the current fiscal.

"Banks are advised to immediately submit their estimates of short-term production credit to farmers up to Rs 3 lakh for Kharif and Rabi 2009-10 (separately) to enable us to provide the government with an estimate of the likely amount of subvention," RBI said in a notification.

Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee in his budget speech this year had proposed continuing with the interest subsidy scheme for short-term crop loans to farmers for loans up to Rs 3 lakh each farmer at the interest rate of 7% per annum. Following the announcement, the government had said it would provide interest subsidy of 2% to public sector banks on short-term production credit up to Rs 3 lakh provided to farmers. The subsidy would be given to those public sector banks, which extend short-term credit at 7% per annum. RBI said the banks are required to submit their claims on half yearly basis.

Mr Mukherjee had also announced that the government would pay additional subsidy of 1%, as an incentive to those farmers who repay their short-term crop loans on schedule. The interest rate for these farmers will come down to 6%.

 

PSU banks told to lend more for infra thrust 23 Oct 2009, 0308 hrs IST, Sangita Mehta, ET Bureau MUMBAI: The Centre has urged public sector banks to increase financial support for building urban infrastructure by lending more to municipal corporations. Banks have in turn agreed to double support to a facility aimed at funding municipalities. The move comes from the thinking that given the rapid pace of urbanisation, the urban infrastructure will come under pressure. In 2006, IL&FS, IDBI, IIFCL and Canara Bank had decided to initiate the unified framework of debt financing known as Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation (PMDO) facility, whereby these four lenders would be the key sponsors to lend to urban municipal. Each of the lenders had committed to lend up to Rs 250 crore. The sponsor banks also had received commitment from another 11 banks for Rs 2,000 crore. Under the facility, banks had agreed to provide loan for 10 years with a base rate of 9.5% with a three-year moratorium. The basic purpose of this pooled facility is to channelise the debt funds to the urban infrastructure with a common governance framework. "Earlier all lenders had agreed to commit about Rs 3,000 crore for three years. In a recent meeting between banks and senior officials from the finance ministry, it has been decided that banks will double their commitment for PMDO," said a lender present in the meeting. So far, under this facility, banks have assisted 30 projects for Rs 800 crore. During the meeting, banks have reviewed loans to municipal corporations and measures that can be taken to increase credit to them. IL&FS Urban Infrastructure Asset Managers is monitoring loans and overlooking administration work of the urban infrastructure projects that are funded through this facility. The PMDO has been financing projects like water supply and sewerage, solid waste management, road and urban transport and environmental projects. In fact, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is an initiative by the government to improve the urban infrastructure, while the PMDO facility is common platform for banks to participate in the government scheme. "Bankers have pointed out that although there are about 5,000 municipal corporations in India, very few of them have come forward to avail loan," pointed a banker, who attended the meeting. Among the municipal corporations, Surat and Nashik are given highest rating (among municipals) of corporate credit rating (CCR) AA-, while Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Kolkata Varodara and Rajkot have been rated as A by rating agency Crisil.

 

Relief for women buys freedom for OC - Bailed out

OUR BUREAU

Flanked by gun-wielding and masked Maoists, officer-in-charge Atindranath Dutta (in spectacles) minutes before his release on Thursday evening in the Bhulagera forests of Lalgarh. A Maoist poster hung from his neck says 'P.O.W. juddha bandir mukti sammelan (a meeting to release the prisoner of war)'. Picture by Samir Mondal Oct. 22: The Maoists released Sankrail officer-in-charge Atindranath Dutta around 8 tonight at Bhulagera forest village in Lalgarh after striking a deal with the state government that allows 14 jailed tribal women to walk free. After 54 hours in captivity, Dutta was led to a gathering of journalists and lawyers at Bhulagera primary school, a white paper inscribed with the words PoW (prisoner of war) pasted on a piece of red cloth hung from his neck. "I wasn't worried about myself; I was concerned about my parents, daughter and wife," Dutta told the media, whom the Maoists had called for the hand-over after the government promised the rebels safe passage under the deal. Maoist leader Kishanji, his face covered like all the guerrillas', ceremonially removed the red cloth from Dutta's neck. "You are being released…. It is up to you whether you will continue to remain with the police, but don't commit atrocities on poor people," he said. The OC left with the journalists, walking 2km to the metalled road where the media's cars were waiting. He was handed over to police at Jhargram town, 25km from Bhulagera, and will reach Calcutta tomorrow. Dutta's wife Indrani said in Calcutta: "I can't describe how relieved I am. But I shall feel sure of his release only when I see him with my own eyes, I guess." Kishanji said the release had been delayed because early this morning, the joint forces encircled part of the Punnapani forest near Dharampur adjoining Lalgarh and appeared to be shooting at what they thought might be rebel hideouts. "I wanted to release OC babu earlier, but with the police beginning their operations, the process has been delayed," Kishanji had said in the morning. "Unless the forces stop their operations and remain confined to their camps for the next 24 hours, we will not take responsibility for OC babu's life." The firing stopped soon, but government sources suggested Kishanji had no intention of releasing Dutta so early and had all along planned to do so after sunset to avoid being attacked after the release. "The Maoists had made it clear they would release Dutta only after the judge granted the Adivasi women bail, which he did in the afternoon," the officer said. In keeping with the deal, the government did not oppose the bail petition of the women who had been arrested on September 22 for allegedly attacking the police. They will be freed tomorrow after formalities are complete. The deal was struck after Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee said yesterday afternoon that a "negotiation and settlement'' was needed with the "kidnappers''. The government decided to contact the Maoists through "unofficial channels". A source said: "If any harm came to the officer, the state's image would have taken a beating." A senior inspector-general got in touch with an aide of Kishanji with help from an officer of West Midnapore police around 8pm. The rebels had initially asked for the release of Lalgarh leader Chhatradhar Mahato, withdrawal of the joint forces from Lalgarh and bail for the women. But the government rejected the first two demands and the Maoists quickly climbed down under pressure. "The women were not hardened terrorists, just supporters of Mahato's (People's) Committee," an officer said. "Although their release is a huge victory for the Maoists — as they will be seen to be with the tribals, fighting for their cause — the government's message that for every policeman killed, 25 Maoists would be killed had also sunk in." It was to keep up this pressure that the morning offensive at Punnapani was launched. "The idea was to zero in on their base… to send the message that if they didn't release the OC even after the (women got bail), the forces would attack their hideout and kill or arrest several of them,'' a source said. Dutta said he was told past midnight "that I might be released today". The OC, who was in the same off-white T-shirt and trousers that he wore when he was taken hostage on Tuesday afternoon, said he had been shifted frequently. "The Maoists were initially aggressive but later they co-operated with me." Atindranath's wife Indrani after his release. (Amit Datta) Refusing to elaborate on the deal, chief secretary Asok Mohan Chakrabarti said: "We tried all possible ways to get him (Dutta) released and eventually that fetched results.'' Director-general of police Bhupinder Singh said: "I am not concerned about the means or whether our government reacted at gunpoint. I only know the results." He, however, indicated this was not the end of the anti-Maoist offensive: "We are certainly not into Gandhian philosophy." The DGP also said that bail for the tribal women did not mean action against them would cease for ever. "Bail doesn't prove their innocence. We will frame chargesheets and submit them in court. Then it is for the court to decide whether the accused will be punished," he added. Kishanji said it was a "great victory" for the people of Lalgarh. "This is the first time that we have released a PoW," he said.

http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091023/jsp/frontpage/story_11648557.jsp

 

Lasting legacy of Ethiopia's famine

Ethiopia/Wooldridge By Mike Woolridge BBC world affairs correspondent, Ethiopia It is now well over two decades since Mesele Adhena gave up all hope of being able to remain in his village of Bezeta, and came to this market town in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. "Had we stayed," he says, "we would all have died." As it was, three of his close relatives died in the famine of 1984, that had its epicentre in this region and at the time made the northern Ethiopian town of Korem a byword for starvation on an epic scale. I was a member of the BBC team that eventually reached here and the town of Mekelle, that resides further north, in October 1984. We did not work night and day before, but we do now. Mesele Adhena, famine survivor Ethiopia asks for urgent food aid It was a time when the then government had denied journalists access in an attempt to keep the rapidly worsening impact of the famine hidden from their own people - and from the rest of the world. Tens of thousands of people had already trekked to these government-held towns - that was in the midst of the protracted conflict with Tigrayan and Eritrean rebels - and many more were to follow. We found scenes that one aid worker memorably described to us as "the closest thing to hell on earth" - exhausted, often woefully thin, hungry people trying to find food. There were a few corrugated iron shelters for them in Korem and Mekelle, but they were crowded, and as many people seemed to die in the shelters as on the open ground around them. People had to bear the penetrating chill of highland nights, most in only the flimsiest of clothing. They had made heroic efforts to survive in their own communities for as long as possible. Michael Buerk reports on the famine in Ethiopia - first broadcast October 1984 But they told us how successive droughts and failed harvests meant that to even attempt to buy food they had to sell off their livestock, and sometimes even the materials they had used to make their homes. There were also heroic efforts being made to save lives in in Korem and Mekelle, and towns like them, but they were all too often undermined because there was simply not enough food. There was also the problem of disease in these congested conditions, disease that would easily take hold. Within weeks, a shocked world was building up an unprecedented aid operation. But there were still dark, dispiriting days while reporting from relief camps and towns across the famine-affected region. I recall an occasion when 134 people died during a days reporting I spent in one such camp. There had been an outbreak of measles, and many of the victims were children. Mesele Adhena says harsh lessons were learnt from the 1984 famine Even though the population is now close to double what it was in 1984, and many people have smaller plots to cultivate, today's Ethiopian government maintains that enough progress has been made in improving the early warning signs of famine. Helping farmers withstand drought on anything like the scale of 1984 is a priority and could not happen again, it asserts. Many ordinary Ethiopians would say the same. But there are many, too, whose anxiety deepens with every crop failure, as is happening in parts of the country once again. Harsh lessons Mesele Adhena stayed in Korem after the famine rather than return home. He is 47 now and he and his wife have six children. They live in a small house that has been built on a plain on the edge of the town, where he and so many thousands of others arrived in desperation during 1984. Some crops are withering in Kobo and farmers have future concerns He grows food in the plot around the house and more in the fields beyond. And he says he has learned a lesson from the 1984 famine - how much more efficiently farmers can protect their livelihoods if they work hard. "We did not work night and day before," he says, "but we do now." An hour's drive down an escarpment near the small town of Kobo (also a relief centre in 1984) I talked to farmers who are seeing their crops wither this year - despite doing everything they could to save them. They said it was the government's food-for-work safety net scheme that had kept their children from the risk of losing their lives. Much more is known now about how the most vulnerable can be kept from the edge of deadly hunger, and it was the tragedy experienced in Korem and the surrounding region that taught the harshest lessons. But one man I have met here said he hoped that now - 25 years on - Korem would be remembered by the world as less a place of death and more where so many lives were saved. Bookmark with: Delicious Digg reddit Facebook StumbleUpon What are these? E-mail this to a friend Printable version	VIDEO REPORTS Farmers struggle with fresh drought in 2009 1984: Extent of Ethiopia famine revealed 1984: Civil war hinders relief effort SEE ALSO Ethiopia asks for urgent food aid 22 Oct 09 |  Africa RELATED BBC LINKS World Service Africa TOP AFRICA STORIES Ethiopia asks for urgent food aid British torture in Kenya alleged Darfur gunmen kidnap aid worker | News feeds MOST POPULAR STORIES NOW SHARED READ WATCHED/LISTENED Officials seize cocaine submarine Leaping wolf snatches photo prize Tale of two Pakistans Laptop for every pupil in Uruguay Pakistan suicide bomber kills six Most popular now, in detail SHARED READ WATCHED/LISTENED Officials seize cocaine submarine Griffin attacks Islam on BBC show Nasa 'should scrap Ares rocket' N Korea food shortage 'desperate' Angry scenes face Griffin at BBC Nokia suing Apple over the iPhone Pakistan suicide bomber kills six Nasa play McFly hit to astronauts Sarkozy son pulls out of job bid Weekly world news quiz Most popular now, in detail SHARED READ WATCHED/LISTENED BNP's Griffin on Question Time Protesters storm into BBC grounds Michelle Obama's hula hips IEDs are 'soldiers biggest enemy' One-minute World News Gunman prays on knees during raid Devastating drought strikes Kenya Nick Griffin arrives at BBC Pakistan releases army footage Microsoft launches Windows 7 Most popular now, in detail
FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Afghan dreaming? US marines in California train for action abroad Famine's legacy Ethiopia's farmers learn harsh lessons 25 years on It's quiz time! What hit song was sent to astronauts in orbit this week? South Asia News Feeds RSS feed Page last updated at 04:10 GMT, Friday, 23 October 2009 05:10 UK   Hunger From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about hunger as a motivational state. For other uses, see Hunger (disambiguation). "Hungry" redirects here. For other uses, see Hungry (disambiguation). Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (March 2008) Hunger is a feeling experienced when one has a desire to eat. Satiety is the absence of hunger. The often unpleasant feeling of hunger originates from the hypothalamus releasing hormones that target receptors in the liver. Although an average nourished individual can survive weeks without food intake,[1] the sensation of hunger typically begins after a couple of hours without eating and is generally considered quite uncomfortable. The sensation of hunger can often be alleviated and even mitigated entirely with the consumption of food. Hunger is also the most commonly used term to describe the social condition of people who frequently experience, or live with the threat of experiencing, the physical sensation of hunger. Contents [hide] 1 Malnutrition, famine, starvation 2 Hunger pangs 3 Biological mechanisms 4 Behavioral response 5 Hunger statistics 5.1 Hunger mortality statistics 6 Hunger in the United States 7 Similar cravings 8 See also 8.1 Organizations 9 References 10 External links [edit] Malnutrition, famine, starvation Malnutrition is a general term for a condition caused by improper diet or nutrition. Famine is a widespread scarcity of food that may apply to any faunal species, which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Starvation describes a "state of exhaustion of the body caused by lack of food." This state may precede death. [edit] Hunger pangs When hunger contractions start to occur in the stomach, they are informally referred to as hunger pangs. Hunger pangs usually do not begin until 12 to 24 hours after the last ingestion of food. A single hunger contraction lasts about 30 seconds, and pangs continue for around 30–45 minutes, then hunger subsides for around 30-150 minutes.[2] Individual contractions are separated at first, but are almost continuous after a certain amount of time.[2] Emotional states (anger, joy etc.) may inhibit hunger contractions.[2] Levels of hunger are increased by lower blood sugar levels, and are higher in diabetics.[2] They reach their greatest intensity in 3 to 4 days and may weaken in the succeeding days, though hunger never disappears.[3] Hunger contractions are most intense in young, healthy people who have high degrees of gastrointestinal tonus. Periods between contractions increase with old age.[2] [edit] Biological mechanisms The fluctuation of leptin and ghrelin hormone levels results in the motivation of an organism to consume food. When an organism eats, adipocytes trigger the release of leptin into the body. Increasing levels of leptin results in a reduction of one's motivation to eat.[4] After hours of non-consumption, leptin levels drop significantly. These low levels of leptin cause the release of secondary hormone, ghrelin, which in turn reinitiates the feeling of hunger. Some studies have suggested that an increased production of ghrelin may enhance appetite evoked by the sight of food, while an increase in stress may also influence the hormone's production.[5] These findings may help to explain why hunger can prevail even in stressful situations. [edit] Behavioral response Hunger appears to increase activity and movement in many animals - for example, an experiment on spiders showed increased activity and predation in starved spiders, resulting in larger weight gain.[6] This pattern is seen in many animals, including humans while sleeping.[7] It even occurs in rats with their cerebral cortex or stomachs completely removed.[8] Increased activity on hamster wheels occurred when rats were deprived not only of food, but also water or B vitamins such as thiamine.[9] This response may increase the animal's chance of finding food, though it has also been speculated the reaction relieves pressure on the home population.[7] [edit] Hunger statistics Main article: Malnutrition On June 19, 2009, it was reported that world hunger hit one billion people,[10] about a sixth of the world's total population. There were 923 million hungry people in the world in 2007, an increase of 80 million since 1990.[11] The world already produces enough food to feed everyone - 6 billion people - and could feed the double - 12 billion people.[12] Year 1970 1980 1990 2005 2007 Share of hungry people in the developing world[13][14] 37 % 28 % 20 % 16 % 17 % [edit] Hunger mortality statistics On the average, a person dies every second as a result of starvation - 3,600 every hour - 86,400 each day - 31,536,000 each year - 58% of all deaths (2001-2004 estimates).[15][16][17] On the average, a child under five dies every 5 seconds as a result of starvation - 700 every hour - 16,000 each day - 6,000,000 each year - 60% of all child deaths (2002-2008 estimates).[18][19][20][21][22] [edit] Hunger in the United States The Meals On Wheels Association of America Foundation (MOWAAF) has found that hunger is a serious threat facing millions of seniors in the United States, and that understanding the problem is a critical first step to developing remedies. In 2007, MOWAAF, underwritten by the Harrah's Foundation, commissioned a research study entitled The Causes, Consequences and Future of Senior Hunger in America.[23] The report was released at a hearing of the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging in March 2008 in Washington, D.C. The study found that in the United States, over 5 million seniors, (11.4% of all seniors), experience some form of food insecurity (i.e., were marginally food insecure). Of these, about 2.5 million are at-risk of hunger, and about 750,000 suffer from hunger due to financial constraints. Some groups of seniors are more likely to be at-risk of hunger. Relative to their representation in the overall senior population, those with limited incomes, under age 70, African American, Hispanic, never-married, renters, and seniors living in the Southern United States are all more likely to be at-risk of hunger. While certain groups of seniors are at greater-risk of hunger, hunger cuts across the income spectrum. For example, over 50% of all seniors who are at-risk of hunger have incomes above the poverty threshold. Likewise, it is present in all demographic groups. For example, over two-thirds of seniors at-risk of hunger are Caucasian. There are marked differences in the risk of hunger across family structure, especially for those seniors living alone, or those living with a grandchild. Those living alone are twice as likely to experience hunger compared to married seniors. One in five senior households with a grandchild (but no adult child) present is at-risk of hunger, compared to about one in twenty households without a grandchild present. Seniors living in non-metropolitan areas are as likely to experience food insecurity as those living in metropolitan areas, suggesting that food insecurity cuts across the urban-rural continuum.[24] [edit] Similar cravings A food craving is an intense desire to consume a specific food, as opposed to general hunger. Similarly, thirst is the craving for fluids. Withdrawal craving is a "hunger" for administering addictive drugs. [edit] See also Wikiversity has learning materials about Hunger Anorectic Eating disorder Fasting Hypoglycemia Starvation Spirulina (dietary supplement) Stomach growling Ghrelin Malnutrition Global Hunger Index Right to food Specific appetite [edit] Organizations Church World Service Food and Agriculture Organization Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition (IIMSAM) Share Our Strength Stop Hunger Now World Food Programme World Vision Good Shepherd Food Bank [edit] References ^ "How long can someone survive without water?". http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/story/0,3605,1656867,00.html. Retrieved 2007-05-14.  ^ a b c d e A. J. Carlson (1931) Hunger The Scientific Monthly 33:77-79. ^ Carlson, A. J. & Hoelzel, F. (1952). The alleged disappearance of hunger during starvation. Science, 115:526-527. ^ OMIM - LEPTIN; LEP ^ Malik, S; McGlone F, Bedrossian D, Dagher A (2007). Cell Metabolism 7: 400–9. PMID 18460331.  ^ Provencher, L. & Riechert, S. E. (1991) Short-Term Effects of Hunger Conditioning on Spider Behavior, Predation, and Gain of Weight Oikos 62:160-166 ^ a b Wald, G.; Jackson, B. (1944) Activity and Nutritional Deprivation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 30:255-263 ^ "George Wald: The Origin of Death". http://www.elijahwald.com/origin.html. Retrieved 2007-05-14.  ^ Guerrant, N.B., Dutcher, R.A. (1940) Journal of Nutrition 20:589. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8109698.stm ^ Food and Agriculture Organization Economic and Social Development Department. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008 : High food prices and food security - threats and opportunities". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008, p. 2. "FAO's most recent estimates put the number of hungry people at 923 million in 2007, an increase of more than 80 million since the 1990–92 base period.". ^ Jean Ziegler. "Promotion And Protection Of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social And Cultural Rights, Including The Right To Development: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler". Human Rights Council of the United Nations, January10, 2008."According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the world already produces enough food to feed every child, woman and man and could feed 12 billion people, or double the current world population." ^ Food and Agriculture Organization Agricultural and Development Economics Division. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2006 : Eradicating world hunger – taking stock ten years after the World Food Summit". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006, p. 8. "Because of population growth, the very small decrease in the number of hungry people has nevertheless resulted in a reduction in the proportion of undernourished people in the developing countries by 3 percentage points – from 20 percent in 1990–92 to 17 percent in 2001–03. (…) the prevalence of undernourishment declined by 9 percent (from 37 percent to 28 percent) between 1969–71 and 1979–81 and by a further 8 percentage points (to 20 percent) between 1979–81 and 1990–92.". ^ Food and Agriculture Organization Economic and Social Development Department. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008 : High food prices and food security - threats and opportunities". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008, p. 6. "Good progress in reducing the share of hungry people in the developing world had been achieved – down from almost 20 percent in 1990–92 to less than 18 percent in 1995–97 and just above 16 percent in 2003–05. The estimates show that rising food prices have thrown that progress into reverse, with the proportion of undernourished people worldwide moving back towards 17 percent.". ^ Jean Ziegler. "The Right to Food: Report by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Mr. Jean Ziegler, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/10". United Nations, February 7, 2001, p. 5. "On average, 62 million people die each year, of whom probably 36 million (58 per cent) directly or indirectly as a result of nutritional deficiencies, infections, epidemics or diseases which attack the body when its resistance and immunity have been weakened by undernourishment and hunger.". ^ Commission on Human Rights. "The right to food : Commission on Human Rights resolution 2002/25". Office Of The High Commissioner For Human Rights, United Nations, April 22, 2002, p. 2. "every year 36 million people die, directly or indirectly, as a result of hunger and nutritional deficiencies, most of them women and children, particularly in developing countries, in a world that already produces enough food to feed the whole global population". ^ United Nations Information Service. "Independent Expert On Effects Of Structural Adjustment, Special Rapporteur On Right To Food Present Reports: Commission Continues General Debate On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights". United Nations, March 29, 2004, p. 6. "Around 36 million people died from hunger directly or indirectly every year.". ^ Food and Agriculture Organization Staff. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2002: Food Insecurity : when People Live with Hunger and Fear Starvation". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2002, p. 6. "6 million children under the age of five, die each year as a result of hunger." ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Economic and Social Dept. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2004: Monitoring Progress Towards the World Food Summit and Millennium Development Goals". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004, p. 8. "Undernourishment and deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals cost more than 5 million children their lives every year". ^ Jacques Diouf. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2004: Monitoring Progress Towards the World Food Summit and Millennium Development Goals". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004, p. 4. "one child dies every five seconds as a result of hunger and malnutrition". ^ Food and Agriculture Organization, Economic and Social Dept. "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005: Eradicating World Hunger - Key to Achieving the Millennium Development Goals". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005, p. 18. "Hunger and malnutrition are the underlying cause of more than half of all child deaths, killing nearly 6 million children each year – a figure that is roughly equivalent to the entire preschool population of Japan. Relatively few of these children die of starvation. The vast majority are killed by neonatal disorders and a handful of treatable infectious diseases, including diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria and measles. Most would not die if their bodies and immune systems had not been weakened by hunger and malnutrition moderately to severely underweight, the risk of death is five to eight times higher.". ^ Human Rights Council. "Resolution 7/14. The right to food". United Nations, March 27, 2008, p. 3. "6 million children still die every year from hunger-related illness before their fifth birthday". ^ Ziliak, Gundersen and Haist. (2007) The Causes, Consequences and Future of Senior Hunger in America, University of Kentucky Center for Poverty and Research, Lexington, KY. (88pages. 2MB.) ^ Excerpt from "The Causes, Consequences and Future of Senior Hunger in America", Executive Summary, pp.i-ii The Akshaya Patra Foundation [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hunger United Nation 2007 report Action Against Hunger Giving the most basic Human RIght - The right to food Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition Fighting hunger and poverty in Ethiopia (Peter Middlebrook) Satiety enhancers in food Scientist Live e-learning about Food Security and Hunger from FAO Food Security: A Review of Literature from Ethiopia to India (Geopolicity) School Feeding Programs That Fight Child Hunger A Series of Interviews with UN World Food Programme Officials about school feeding in developing countries and their impact in reducing child hunger and malnutrition Crisis briefing on food and hunger from Reuters AlertNet "Human Rescue Plan". World Food Programme, 2009 (video) Ten Things you can do to Fight World Hunger The Nation, May 13 2009 Attacking Hunger at Its Roots by Hillary Clinton, The Huffington Post, June 11 2009 The Roadmap to End Global Hunger An interview with Bruce White of Catholic Relief Services UN Warns of "Silent Tsunami of Hunger" in Global Food Crisis - video report by Democracy Now! Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger" Categories: Food and drink | Hunger | Motivation | Neuropsychology | Limbic system Hidden categories: Articles to be expanded from March 2008 | All articles to be expanded
Bomb blast rocks NW Pakistan city
A car bomb attack in Pakistan's north-western city of Peshawar has wounded at least 15 people, police say. The explosion occurred in the parking area of a restaurant. It was the first attack in Peshawar since Pakistan launched an offensive against militants in the nearby troubled region of South Waziristan. The explosion came hours after a suicide bomber killed six people near an air force facility near the capital, Islamabad, amid rising violence. Attacks in Pakistani cities have killed nearly 180 people in October alone. The earlier bombing on Friday took place near the Kamra aeronautical complex, 60km (35 miles) south-west of Islamabad. At the weekend the army launched a major assault against Pakistani Taliban militant strongholds in South Waziristan, near the Afgfhan border. Tens of thousands of civilians have fled the conflict zone since the operation began, according to the army. The offensive has raised fears militants will step up their bombing campaign in cities.   TALIBAN CONFLICT LATEST NEWS Pakistan targets key Taliban town US decision after Afghan result Afghan bomb strikes Indian embassy THE TALIBAN Who are the Taliban? History of movement in Afghanistan and Pakistan Mapping the militant nexus Q&A: Causes of regional militancy FEATURES AND ANALYSIS Taliban challenge What Pakistani army is up against in South Waziristan Eyewitness: At the edge of war Doubts held up Waziristan attack 'New zone' of militancy US counter-insurgency push AFGHAN ELECTIONS Uncertain future Holding a run-off will be a huge challenge As it happened Q&A: Afghan election Life in Afghanistan VIDEO AND AUDIO IEDs: The soldier's biggest enemy Thousands flee Waziristan fighting Pakistan claim Taliban victories Civilians flee Waziristan on foot Street fighting in Taliban bases FROM OTHER NEWS SITES Reuters Suicide bomber kills eight in Pakistan - 50 mins ago Telegraph Pakistan: suicide bomber kills six at military base - 55 mins ago France24 Pakistan suicide attack kills six near air base - 2 hrs ago Times of India Suicide attack kills 7 near nuke-linked complex in Pak - 2 hrs ago CBS News Pakistan: Bomber kills 7 near nuke-linked complex - 3 hrs ago About these results TOP SOUTH ASIA STORIES Bomb blast rocks NW Pakistan city Bangladesh Islamist group banned US passes giant Pakistan aid bill | News feeds MOST POPULAR STORIES NOW SHARED READ WATCHED/LISTENED 'Distracted' pilots fail to land Griffin attacks Islam on BBC show 'Distracted' pilots fail to land UK expected to exit its recession The world's longest golf course Most popular now, in detail SHARED READ WATCHED/LISTENED 'Distracted' pilots fail to land Griffin attacks Islam on BBC show US pie-splattered comedian dies Sub's wartime grave discovered Bomb blast rocks NW Pakistan city Weekly world news quiz Sarkozy son pulls out of job bid Nokia suing Apple over the iPhone N Korea food shortage 'desperate' Nasa 'should scrap Ares rocket' Most popular now, in detail http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8321803.stm   Food security From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Growth in food production has been greater than population growth. Food per person increased during the 1961-2005 period. The y-axis is percent of 1999-2001 average food production per capita. Data source: World Resources Institute. Barley is a major animal feed crop. Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. According to the World Resources Institute, global per capita food production has been increasing substantially for the past several decades.[1] In 2006, MSNBC reported that globally, the number of people who are overweight has surpassed the number who are undernourished - the world had more than one billion people who were overweight, and an estimated 800 million who were undernourished.[2] According to a 2004 article from the BBC, China, the world's most populous country, is suffering from an obesity epidemic.[3] In India, the second-most populous country in the world, 30 million people have been added to the ranks of the hungry since the mid-1990s and 46% of children are underweight.[4] Worldwide around 852 million people are chronically hungry due to extreme poverty, while up to 2 billion people lack food security intermittently due to varying degrees of poverty (source: FAO, 2003). As of late 2007, increased farming for use in biofuels,[5] world oil prices at more than $100 a barrel,[6] global population growth,[7] climate change,[8] loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development,[9][10] and growing consumer demand in China and India[11] have pushed up the price of grain.[12][13] Food riots have recently taken place in many countries across the world.[14][15][16] It is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain food security in a world beset by a confluence of "peak" phenomena, namely peak oil, peak water, peak phosphorus, peak grain and peak fish. More than half of the planet's population, numbering approximately 3.3 billion people, live in urban areas as of November 2007. Any disruption to farm supplies may precipitate a uniquely urban food crisis in a relatively short time.[17] The ongoing global credit crisis has affected farm credits, despite a boom in commodity prices.[18] Food security is a complex topic, standing at the intersection of many disciplines. A new peer-reviewed journal of Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food is to be published from 2009.[19] In developing countries, often 70% or more of the population lives in rural areas. In that context, agricultural development among smallholder farmers and landless people provides a livelihood for people allowing them the opportunity to stay in their communities. In many areas of the world, land ownership is not available, thus, people who want or need to farm to make a living have little incentive to improve the land. In the US, there are approximately 2,000,000 farmers, less than 1% of the population. A direct relationship exists between food consumption levels and poverty. Families with the financial resources to escape extreme poverty rarely suffer from chronic hunger; while poor families not only suffer the most from chronic hunger, but are also the segment of the population most at risk during food shortages and famines. Two commonly used definitions of food security come from the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (FAO) Food security for a household means access by all members at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum (1) the ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, and (2) an assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (that is, without resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies). (USDA)[20] The stages of food insecurity range from food secure situations to full-scale famine. "Famine and hunger are both rooted in food insecurity. Food insecurity can be categorized as either chronic or transitory. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to famine and hunger; ensuring food security presupposes elimination of that vulnerability. [Chronic] hunger is not famine. It is similar to undernourishment and is related to poverty, existing mainly in poor countries."[21] Contents [hide] 1 Food security in the United States 1.1 Community food security 1.2 Food insecurity 2 Stunting and chronic nutritional deficiencies 3 Global water crisis 4 Land degradation 5 Land deals 6 Climate change 6.1 Agriculture 6.2 Children 7 Wheat stem rust 8 Dictatorship and kleptocracy 9 Economic approaches 9.1 Westernized view 9.2 Food justice 9.3 Food sovereignty 10 World Food Summit 11 World Summit on Food Security 12 Achieving food security 12.1 The agriculture-hunger-poverty nexus 12.2 Biotechnology for smallholders in the (sub)tropics 13 Risks to food security 13.1 Fossil fuel dependence 13.2 Price setting 13.3 Treating food the same as other internationally traded commodities 14 See also 15 References 16 Sources 17 Further reading 18 External links [edit] Food security in the United States [edit] Community food security Community food security is a condition in which all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes community self-reliance and social justice Following are six basic principles of community food security, as defined by the Community Food Security Coalition: Low Income Food Needs Like the anti-hunger movement, CFS is focused on meeting the food needs of low income communities, reducing hunger and improving individual health. Broad Goals CFS addresses a broad range of problems affecting the food system, community development, and the environment such as increasing poverty and hunger, disappearing farmland and family farms, inner city supermarket redlining, rural community disintegration, rampant suburban sprawl, and air and water pollution from unsustainable food production and distribution patterns. Community focus A CFS approach seeks to build up a community's food resources to meet its own needs. These resources may include supermarkets, farmers' markets, gardens, transportation, community-based food processing ventures, and urban farms to name a few. Self-reliance/empowerment Community food security projects emphasize the need to build individuals' abilities to provide for their food needs. Community food security seeks to build upon community and individual assets, rather than focus on their deficiencies. CFS projects seek to engage community residents in all phases of project planning, implementation, and evaluation. Local agriculture A stable local agricultural base is key to a community responsive food system. Farmers need increased access to markets that pay them a decent wage for their labor, and farmland needs planning protection from suburban development. By building stronger ties between farmers and consumers, consumers gain a greater knowledge and appreciation for their food source. Systems-oriented CFS projects typically are "inter-disciplinary," crossing many boundaries and incorporating collaborations with multiple agencies.[22] [edit] Food insecurity Food insecurity has been described as "a condition in which people lack basic food intake to provide them with the energy and nutrients for fully productive lives." (Hunger Task Force) In 2005, 35.1 million Americans, which includes 22.7 million adults and 12.4 million children, lived in households that were unable to afford the food they need for the year.[23] Households that are more likely to experience food insecurity are female-headed with children, those with incomes below the poverty line, and those that reside either in principal cities or within rural areas.[24] The top three states ranking in prevalence of food insecure households between 2003-2005 were New Mexico (16.8%), Mississippi (16.5%), and Texas (16.0%).[24] The USDA report cited below asks the question, "How often were people hungry in households that were food insecure with hunger?" Around 4 percent of people reported going hungry at least once a year, while on any given day the figure is estimated to be between 0.5 percent and 0.8 percent.[25] A March 1, 2009 Associated Press article cited many examples of hungry children in the United States. The article talked about all of the children's mothers, but did not mention any of their fathers. The article also said that some of the mothers were feeding their children junk food such as potato chips and hot dogs, instead of nutritious foods such as fruits, vegetables, and milk. [26] [edit] Stunting and chronic nutritional deficiencies Children and a nurse attendant at a Nigerian orphanage in the late 1960's with symptoms of low calorie and protein intake. Many countries experience perpetual food shortages and distribution problems. These result in chronic and often widespread hunger amongst significant numbers of people. Human populations respond to chronic hunger and malnutrition by decreasing body size, known in medical terms as stunting or stunted growth. This process starts in utero if the mother is malnourished and continues through approximately the third year of life. It leads to higher infant and child mortality, but at rates far lower than during famines. Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake later in life cannot reverse the damage. Stunting itself is viewed as a coping mechanism, designed to bring body size into alignment with the calories available during adulthood in the location where the child is born. Limiting body size as a way of adapting to low levels of energy (calories) adversely affects health in three ways: Premature failure of vital organs occurs during adulthood. For example a 50 year old individual might die of heart failure because his/her heart suffered structural defects during early development. Stunted individuals suffer a far higher rate of disease and illness than those who have not undergone stunting. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in cognitive development. "The analysis ... points to the misleading nature of the concept of subsistence as Malthus originally used it and as it is still widely used today. Subsistence in not located at the edge of a nutritional cliff, beyond which lies demographic disaster. Rather than one level of subsistence, there are numerous levels at which a population and a food supply can be in equilibrium in the sense that they can be indefinitely sustained. However, some levels will have smaller people and higher normal mortality than others."[27] [edit] Global water crisis Grain storage facilities in Australia Water deficits, which are already spurring heavy grain imports in numerous smaller countries,[28] may soon do the same in larger countries, such as China or India.[29] The water tables are falling in scores of countries (including Northern China, the US, and India) due to widespread overpumping using powerful diesel and electric pumps. Other countries affected include Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. This will eventually lead to water scarcity and cutbacks in grain harvest. Even with the overpumping of its aquifers, China is developing a grain deficit.[30] When this happens, it will almost certainly drive grain prices upward. Most of the 3 billion people projected to be added worldwide by mid-century will be born in countries already experiencing water shortages. After China and India, there is a second tier of smaller countries with large water deficits—Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Mexico, and Pakistan. Four of these already import a large share of their grain. Only Pakistan remains self-sufficient. But with a population expanding by 4 million a year, it will also likely soon turn to the world market for grain.[31][32] [edit] Land degradation See also: Land degradation and Desertification Intensive farming often leads to a vicious cycle of exhaustion of soil fertility and decline of agricultural yields.[33] Approximately 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded.[34] In Africa, if current trends of soil degradation continue, the continent might be able to feed just 25% of its population by 2025, according to UNU's Ghana-based Institute for Natural Resources in Africa.[35] [edit] Land deals Rich governments and corporations are buying up the rights to millions of hectares of agricultural land in developing countries in an effort to secure their own long-term food supplies. The head of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Jacques Diouf, has warned that the controversial rise in land deals could create a form of "neocolonialism", with poor states producing food for the rich at the expense of their own hungry people. The South Korean firm Daewoo Logistics has secured a large piece of farmland in Madagascar to grow maize and crops for biofuels. Libya has secured 250,000 hectares of Ukrainian farmland, and China has begun to explore land deals in Southeast Asia.[36] Oil-rich Arab investors, including the sovereign wealth funds, are looking into Sudan, Ethiopia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Cambodia and Thailand.[37] [edit] Climate change [edit] Agriculture See also: Impact of global climate changes on agriculture According to a UN climate report, the Himalayan glaciers that are the principal dry-season water sources of Asia's biggest rivers - Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Yellow - could disappear by 2035 as temperatures rise.[38] Approximately 2.4 billion people live in the drainage basin of the Himalayan rivers.[39] India, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar could experience floods followed by severe droughts in coming decades.[40] In India alone, the Ganges provides water for drinking and farming for more than 500 million people.[41][42] The west coast of North America, which gets much of its water from glaciers in mountain ranges such as the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada, also would be affected.[43] Glaciers aren't the only worry that the developing nations have, sea level is also reported to rise as climate changes progresses, reducing the amount of land available for agriculture.[44] In other parts of the world a big effect will be low yields of grain according to the World Food Trade Model, specifically in the low latitude regions where much of the developing world is located. From this the price of grain will rise, along with the developing nations trying to grow the grain. Due to this, every 2-2.5% price hike will increase the number of hungry people 1%.[45] And low crop yields is just one of the problem facing farmers in the low latitudes and tropical regions. The timing and length of the growing seasons, when farmers plant their crops, are going to be changing dramatically, per the USDA, due to unknown changes in soil temperature and moisture conditions.[46] [edit] Children On 2008-04-29, a UNICEF UK report found that the world's poorest and most vulnerable children are being hit the hardest by the impact of climate change. The report, "Our Climate, Our Children, Our Responsibility: The Implications of Climate Change for the World's Children," says access to clean water and food supplies will become more difficult, particularly in Africa and Asia.[47] [edit] Wheat stem rust Stripe Rust on a wheat stem Watch the DIVERSEEDS short films on ways to fight wheat rust using crop wild relatives to improve resistance in modern varieties. An epidemic of stem rust on wheat caused by race Ug99 is currently spreading across Africa and into Asia and is causing major concern. A virulent wheat disease could destroy most of the world's main wheat crops, leaving millions to starve. The fungus has spread from Africa to Iran, and may already be in Pakistan.[48][49][50] The genetic diversity of the crop wild relatives of wheat can be used to improve modern varieties to be more resistant to rust. In their centers of origin wild wheat plants are screened for resistance to rust, then their genetic information is analysed and finally wild plants and modern varietes are crossed through means of modern plant breeding in order to transfer the resistance genes from the wild plants to the modern varieties.[51] [edit] Dictatorship and kleptocracy See also: Political corruption As the Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. The 20th century is full of examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations–sometimes intentionally. When governments come to power by force or rigged elections, and not by way of fair and open elections, their base of support is often narrow and built upon cronyism and patronage. Under such conditions "The distribution of food within a country is a political issue. Governments in most countries give priority to urban areas, since that is where the most influential and powerful families and enterprises are usually located. The government often neglects subsistence farmers and rural areas in general. The more remote and underdeveloped the area the less likely the government will be to effectively meet its needs. Many agrarian policies, especially the pricing of agricultural commodities, discriminate against rural areas. Governments often keep prices of basic grains at such artificially low levels that subsistence producers can not accumulate enough capital to make investments to improve their production. Thus, they are effectively prevented from getting out of their precarious situation."[52] Further dictators and warlords have used food as a political weapon, rewarding their supporters while denying food supplies to areas that oppose their rule. Under such conditions food becomes a currency with which to buy support and famine becomes an effective weapon to be used against the opposition. Governments with strong tendencies towards kleptocracy can undermine food security even when harvests are good. When government monopolizes trade, farmers may find that they are free to grow cash crops for export, but under penalty of law only able to sell their crops to government buyers at prices far below the world market price. The government then is free to sell their crop on the world market at full price, pocketing the difference. This creates an artificial "poverty trap" from which even the most hard working and motivated farmers may not escape. When the rule of law is absent, or private property is non-existent, farmers have little incentive to improve their productivity. If a farm becomes noticeably more productive than neighboring farms, it may become the target of individuals well connected to the government. Rather than risk being noticed and possibly losing their land, farmers may be content with the perceived safety of mediocrity. As pointed out by William Bernstein in his book The Birth of Plenty: "Individuals without property are susceptible to starvation, and it is much easier to bend the fearful and hungry to the will of the state. If a [farmer's] property can be arbitrarily threatened by the state, that power will inevitably be employed to intimidate those with divergent political and religious opinions." [edit] Economic approaches This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (May 2008) There are many economic approaches advocated to improve food security in developing countries. Three typical approaches are listed below. The first is typical of what is advocated by most governments and international agencies. The other two are more common to non-governmental organizations (NGO's). [edit] Westernized view Conventional thinking in westernized countries is that maximizing the farmers profit is the surest way of maximizing agricultural production; the higher a farmer's profit, the greater the effort that will be forthcoming, and the greater the risk the farmer is willing to take.[citation needed] place into the hands of farmers the largest number and highest quality tools possible (tools is used here to refer to improved production techniques, improved seeds, secure land tenure, accurate weather forecasts, etc.) However, it is left to the individual farmer to pick and choose which tools to use, and how to use them, as farmers have intimate knowledge of their own land and local conditions. As with other businesses, a percentage of the profits are normally reinvested into the business in the hopes of increasing production, and hence increase future profits. Normally higher profits translate into higher spending on technologies designed to boost production, such as drip irrigation systems, agriculture education, and greenhouses. An increased profit also increases the farmer's incentive to engage in double-cropping, soil improvement programs, and expanding usable area. [edit] Food justice Fight Hunger: Walk the World campaign is a United Nations World Food Programme initiative. An alternative view takes a collective approach to achieve food security. It notes that globally enough food is produced to feed the entire world population at a level adequate to ensure that everyone can be free of hunger and fear of starvation. That no one should live without enough food because of economic constraints or social inequalities is the basic goal. This approach is often referred to as food justice and views food security as a basic human right. It advocates fairer distribution of food, particularly grain crops, as a means of ending chronic hunger and malnutrition. The core of the Food Justice movement is the belief that what is lacking is not food, but the political will to fairly distribute food regardless of the recipient's ability to pay. [edit] Food sovereignty A third approach is known as food sovereignty; though it overlaps with food justice on several points, the two are not identical. It views the business practices of multinational corporations as a form of neocolonialism. It contends that multinational corporations have the financial resources available to buy up the agricultural resources of impoverished nations, particularly in the tropics. They also have the political clout to convert these resources to the exclusive production of cash crops for sale to industrialized nations outside of the tropics, and in the process to squeeze the poor off of the more productive lands. Under this view subsistence farmers are left to cultivate only lands that are so marginal in terms of productivity as to be of no interest to the multinational corporations. It advocates banning the production of most cash crops in developing nations, thereby leaving the local farmers to concentrate on subsistence crops. In addition it opposes allowing low-cost subsidized food from industrialized nations into developing countries, what is referred to as "import dumping". [edit] World Food Summit The World Food Summit was held in Rome in 1996, with the aim of renewing global commitment to the fight against hunger. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) called the summit in response to widespread under-nutrition and growing concern about the capacity of agriculture to meet future food needs. The conference produced two key documents, the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action. Irrigation canals have opened dry desert areas of Egypt to agriculture. The Rome Declaration calls for the members of the United Nations to work to halve the number of chronically undernourished people on the Earth by the year 2015. The Plan of Action sets a number of targets for government and non-governmental organizations for achieving food security, at the individual, household, national, regional and global levels. [edit] World Summit on Food Security The World Summit on Food Security will take place in Rome, Italy, between 16 and 18 November 2009. The decision to convene the summit was taken by the Council of FAO in June 2009, at the proposal of FAO Director-General Dr Jacques Diouf. Heads of State and Government are expected to attend the summit, which will take place at FAO's headquarters. [edit] Achieving food security "The number of people without enough food to eat on a regular basis remains stubbornly high, at over 800 million, and is not falling significantly. Over 60% of the world's undernourished people live in Asia, and a quarter in Africa. The proportion of people who are hungry, however, is greater in Africa (33%) than Asia (16%). The latest FAO figures indicate that there are 22 countries, 16 of which are in Africa, in which the undernourishment prevalence rate is over 35%."[53] A liquid manure spreader, equipment that is used to increase agricultural productivity. In its "The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003", FAO states that:[54] 'In general the countries that succeeded in reducing hunger were characterised by more rapid economic growth and specifically more rapid growth in their agricultural sectors. They also exhibited slower population growth, lower levels of HIV and higher ranking in the Human Development Index'. As such, according to FAO, addressing agriculture and population growth is vital to achieving food security. Other organisations and people (eg Peter Singer, ...) too have come to this conclusion and advocate improvements in agriculture, and population control.[55] USAID[56] proposes several key steps to increasing agricultural productivity which is in turn key to increasing rural income and reducing food insecurity. They include: Boosting agricultural science and technology. Current agricultural yields are insufficient to feed the growing populations. Eventually, the rising agricultural productivity drives economic growth. Securing property rights and access to finance. Enhancing human capital through education and improved health. Conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms and democracy and governance based on principles of accountability and transparency in public institutions and the rule of law are basic to reducing vulnerable members of society. The UN Millennium Development Goals are one of the initiatives aimed at achieving food security in the world. In its list of goals, the first Millennium Development Goal states that the UN "is to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty", and that "agricultural productivity is likely to play a key role in this if it is to be reached on time". "Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, eradicating extreme hunger and poverty depends on agriculture the most. (MDG 1 calls for halving hunger and poverty by 2015 in relation to 1990.) Notably, the gathering of wild food plants appears to be an efficient alternative method of subsistence in tropical countries, which may play a role in poverty alleviation.[57] [edit] The agriculture-hunger-poverty nexus Eradicating hunger and poverty requires an understanding of the ways in which these two injustices interconnect. Hunger, and the malnourishment that accompanies it, prevents poor people from escaping poverty because it diminishes their ability to learn, work, and care for themselves and their family members. Food insecurity exists when people are undernourished as a result of the physical unavailability of food, their lack of social or economic access to adequate food, and/or inadequate food utilization. Food-insecure people are those individuals whose food intake falls below their minimum calorie (energy) requirements, as well as those who exhibit physical symptoms caused by energy and nutrient deficiencies resulting from an inadequate or unbalanced diet or from the body's inability to use food effectively because of infection or disease. An alternative view would define the concept of food insecurity as referring only to the consequence of inadequate consumption of nutritious food, considering the physiological utilization of food by the body as being within the domain of nutrition and health. Malnourishment also leads to poor health hence individuals fail to provide for their families. If left unaddressed, hunger sets in motion an array of outcomes that perpetuate malnutrition, reduce the ability of adults to work and to give birth to healthy children, and erode children's ability to learn and lead productive, healthy, and happy lives. This truncation of human development undermines a country's potential for economic development–for generations to come. There are strong, direct relationships between agricultural productivity, hunger, and poverty. Three-quarters of the world's poor live in rural areas and make their living from agriculture. Hunger and child malnutrition are greater in these areas than in urban areas. Moreover, the higher the proportion of the rural population that obtains its income solely from subsistence farming (without the benefit of pro-poor technologies and access to markets), the higher the incidence of malnutrition. Therefore, improvements in agricultural productivity aimed at small-scale farmers will benefit the rural poor first. Increased agricultural productivity enables farmers to grow more food, which translates into better diets and, under market conditions that offer a level playing field, into higher farm incomes. With more money, farmers are more likely to diversify production and grow higher-value crops, benefiting not only themselves but the economy as a whole."[58] [edit] Biotechnology for smallholders in the (sub)tropics The area sown to genetically engineered crops in developing countries is rapidly catching-up with the area sown in industrial nations. According to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA), genetically engineered (biotech, GM) crops were grown by approximately 8.5 million farmers in 21 countries in 2005, up from 8.25 million farmers in 17 countries in 2004. The largest increase in biotech crop area in any country in 2005 was in Brazil, provisionally estimated at 44,000 km² (94,000 km² in 2005 compared with 50,000 km² in 2004. India had by far the largest year-on-year proportional increase, with almost a threefold increase from 5,000 km² in 2004 to 13,000 km² in 2005.[59] Current high regulatory costs imposed on varieties created by the more modern methods are a significant hurdle for development of genetically engineered crops well suited to developing country farmers by modern genetic methods. Once a new variety is developed, however, seed provides a good vehicle for distribution of improvements in a package that is familiar to the farmer. Currently there are some institutes and research groups that have projects in which biotechnology is shared with contact people in less-developed countries on a non-profit basis. These institutes make use of biotechnological methods that do not involve high research and registration costs, such as conservation and multiplication of germplasm and phytosanitation. [edit] Risks to food security Further information: More factors leading to food insecurity and crisis. [edit] Fossil fuel dependence Further information: Agriculture and petroleum and Peak oil's effects on agriculture While agricultural output increased as a result of the Green Revolution, the energy input into the process (that is, the energy that must be expended to produce a crop) has also increased at a greater rate, so that the ratio of crops produced to energy input has decreased over time. Green Revolution techniques also heavily rely on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, some of which must be developed from fossil fuels, making agriculture increasingly reliant on petroleum products. Between 1950 and 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the globe, world grain production increased by 250%. The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and hydrocarbon fueled irrigation.[60] David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at Cornell University, and Mario Giampietro, senior researcher at the National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), place in their study Food, Land, Population and the U.S. Economy the maximum U.S. population for a sustainable economy at 200 million. To achieve a sustainable economy and avert disaster, the United States must reduce its population by at least one-third, and world population will have to be reduced by two-thirds, says the study.[61] The authors of this study believe that the mentioned agricultural crisis will only begin to impact us after 2020, and will not become critical until 2050. The oncoming peaking of global oil production (and subsequent decline of production), along with the peak of North American natural gas production will very likely precipitate this agricultural crisis much sooner than expected.[11] Geologist Dale Allen Pfeiffer claims that coming decades could see spiraling food prices without relief and massive starvation on a global level such as never experienced before.[62] However, one should take note that, (numbers taken from the CIA World Factbook), the country of Bangladesh achieved food self-sufficiency in 2002 with both a far higher population density than the USA (~1000 inhabitants per square kilometer in comparison to just 30/km2 for the USA - so this is more than 30 times as many), and at only a tiny fraction of the USA's usage of oil, gas, and electricity. Also, pre-industrial Chinese mini-framers/gardeners developed techniques to feed a population of more than 1000 people per square kilometer (cf. e.g. F.H. King's 1911 report, "Farmers of Forty Centuries"). Hence, the dominant problem is not energy availability but the need to stop and revert soil degradation.[citation needed] [edit] Price setting On April 30, 2008 Thailand announces the project of the creation of the Organisation of Rice Exporting Countries with the potential to develop into a price-fixing cartel for rice.[63][64] [edit] Treating food the same as other internationally traded commodities On October 23, 2008, Associated Press reported the following: "Former President Clinton told a U.N. gathering Thursday [Oct 16, 2008] that the global food crisis shows "we all blew it, including me," by treating food crops "like color TVs" instead of as a vital commodity for the world's poor....Clinton criticized decades of policymaking by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and others, encouraged by the U.S., that pressured Africans in particular into dropping government subsidies for fertilizer, improved seed and other farm inputs as a requirement to get aid. Africa's food self-sufficiency declined and food imports rose. Now skyrocketing prices in the international grain trade—on average more than doubling between 2006 and early 2008—have pushed many in poor countries deeper into poverty."[65] Food is not a commodity like others. We should go back to a policy of maximum food self-sufficiency. It is crazy for us to think we can develop countries around the world without increasing their ability to feed themselves.[66] – Former US President Bill Clinton, Speech at United Nations World Food Day, October 16, 2008 [edit] See also Sustainable development portal 2020 Vision Initiative Afrique verte Agricultural economics Agroecology Allotment gardens Animal husbandry Biodiversity Countries by fertility rate Community Food Security Coalition Community gardening Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Deficit irrigation Diseases of poverty Ecological sanitation End of civilization Famine Early Warning Systems Network Food and Agriculture Organization Food First (Organisation) Food vs fuel Food safety Food systems Garden sharing Geography of food Green revolution Integrated Food Security Phase Classification International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development International development International Food Policy Research Institute International Fund for Agricultural Development Land reform List of famines Local food Malawian food crisis Megacity Natural disaster Norman Borlaug Nutritional economics Overpopulation Poverty Population control Peak oil Retail concentration Right to food Subsistence crisis Survivalism Sustainable agriculture UN High-Level Conference on World Food Security (2008) Urban agriculture World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (monthly report) World Food Day World population 2007–2008 world food price crisis [edit] References ^ Agriculture and Food—Agricultural Production Indices: Food production per capita index, World Resources Institute ^ Nearly 1 in 5 Chinese overweight or obese, MSNBC, August 18, 2006 ^ Chinese concern at obesity surge, BBC, October 12, 2004 ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/8309979.stm ^ 2008: The year of global food crisis ^ The global grain bubble ^ Food crisis will take hold before climate change, warns chief scientist ^ Global food crisis looms as climate change and fuel shortages bite ^ Experts: Global Food Shortages Could 'Continue for Decades' ^ Has Urbanization Caused a Loss to Agricultural Land? ^ a b The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis ^ The cost of food: Facts and figures ^ Food Price Unrest Around the World, September 2007- April 2008 ^ Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring ^ Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come? ^ Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits ^ Mathew Maavak–WE ARE IN A BAD FIX ^ Amid strong farm economy, some worry about increased debt, Associated Press, April 20, 2008 ^ New ISPP Journal. Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food ^ "Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security" (HTML). USDA. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FoodSecurity/measurement.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-23.  ^ Melaku Ayalew–What is Food Security and Famine and Hunger? ^ Community Food Security Coalition, What is community food security? http://www.foodsecurity.org/views_cfs_faq.html accessed on November 1, 2007 @ 7:10pm PDT. ^ America's Second Harvest - Hunger and Poverty Statistics ^ a b ibid ^ http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err11/err11.pdf ^ Pictures of hunger: Photo project captures the life of those in need, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 1, 2009 ^ Robert Fogel, The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death: 1700-2100; Cambridge University Press, 2004. ^ Water Scarcity Crossing National Borders ^ Asia Times Online:: South Asia news - India grows a grain crisis ^ Outgrowing the Earth ^ The Food Bubble Economy ^ Global Water Shortages May Lead to Food Shortages-Aquifer Depletion ^ The Earth Is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization ^ Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land ^ Africa may be able to feed only 25% of its population by 2025 ^ Rich countries launch great land grab to safeguard food supply, The Guardian, November 22, 2008 ^ Arable Land, the new gold rush : African and poor countries cautioned ^ Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion ^ Big melt threatens millions, says UN ^ Glaciers melting at alarming speed ^ Ganges, Indus may not survive: climatologists ^ Himalaya glaciers melt unnoticed ^ Glaciers Are Melting Faster Than Expected, UN Reports ^ Issues In Food Security ^ Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security ^ Issues In Climate Change ^ UNICEF UK News:: News item:: The tragic consequences of climate change for the world's children:: 29 April 2008 00:00 ^ Millions face famine as crop disease rages ^ "Billions at risk from wheat super-blight". New Scientist Magazine (issue 2598): 6–7. 2007-04-03. http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/mg19425983.700-billions-at-risk-from-wheat-superblight.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.  ^ IRAN: Killer fungus threatens wheat production in western areas ^ Hanan Sela, University of Haifa, Israel See DIVERSEEDS short video ^ Fred Cuny–Famine, Conflict, and Response: a Basic Guide; Kumarian Press, 1999. ^ Food and Agriculture Organization ^ The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2003 ^ Peter Singer advocating population control ^ USAID - Food Security ^ Claudio O. Delang (2006). "The role of wild food plants in poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation in tropical countries". Progress in Development Studies 6 (4): 275–286. doi:10.1191/1464993406ps143oa.  ^ http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/books/ar2003/ar2003_essayall.htm Agriculture, Food Security, Nutrition and the Millennium Development Goals 2003-2004 IFPRI Annual Report Essay Joachim von Braun, M. S. Swaminathan, and Mark W. Rosegrant ^ http://www.isaaa.org/ ISAAA Briefs 34-2005: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2005 ^ http://www.energybulletin.net/281.html, Eating Fossil Fuels. EnergyBulletin.net ^ http://www.soilassociation.org/peakoil, Peak Oil: the threat to our food security ^ http://europe.theoildrum.com/node/2225,Agriculture Meets Peak Oil ^ Australia|April 30, 2008|Mekong nations to form rice price-fixing cartel ^ Post|May 1, 2008|PM floats idea of five-nation rice cartel ^ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/10/23/international/i142025D32.DTL ^ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/10/23/international/i142025D32.DTL [edit] Sources Cox, P. G., S. Mak, G. C. Jahn, and S. Mot. 2001. Impact of technologies on food security and poverty alleviation in Cambodia: designing research processes. pp. 677–684 In S. Peng and B. Hardy [eds.] "Rice Research for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation." Proceeding the International Rice Research Conference, 31 March–3 April 2000, Los Baños, Philippines. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 692 p. Singer, H. W. (1997). A global view of food security. Agriculture + Rural Development, 4: 3-6. Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CTA). von Braun, Joachim; Swaminathan, M. S.; Rosegrant, Mark W. 2004. Agriculture, food security, nutrition and the Millennium Development Goals (Annual Report Essay) Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) [edit] Further reading Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Food Security in Southern Africa Edited by Steven Were Omamo and Klaus von Grebmer (2005) (Brief and Book available) Brown ME, Funk CC (February 2008). "Climate. Food security under climate change". Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5863): 580–1. doi:10.1126/science.1154102. PMID 18239116. . Lobell DB, Burke MB, Tebaldi C, Mastrandrea MD, Falcon WP, Naylor RL (February 2008). "Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030". Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5863): 607–10. doi:10.1126/science.1152339. PMID 18239122.  Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security EC-FAO Food Security Programme (2008) Practical Guide Series The environmental food crisis A study done by the UN on feeding the world population (2009) [edit] External links FAO Food Security Statistics World Summit on Food Security The World Food Summit The Food Security and Nutrition Forum e-learning about Food Security from FAO e-learning about Right to Food IFPRI Food Security Outlook in Africa to 2025 Community Food Security Coalition Food Security dgCommunity One World UK - Food Security Practical Guide: Basic Concepts of Food Security Food Security and Ag-Biotech News Video: Food Security and Its Impact on International Development and HIV Reduction (October 16, 2006) A Woodrow Wilson Center event featuring Jordan Dey, UNFP; William Noble, Africare; and Suneetha Kadiyala, IFPRI Biotech Crops Seen Helping to Feed Hungry World Hot Commodities, Stuffed Markets, and Empty Bellies What's behind higher food prices? from Dollars & Sense July/August 2008 Food Crisis Prevention Network website Sustain: The alliance for better food and farming Sustainable Food Guidelines Food Security: A Review of Literature from Ethiopia to India Food Secure Canada VCU Project on Societal Distress Food Security Page Crisis briefing on food and hunger from Reuters AlertNet Indigenous Permaculture CSRL, Iowa State's cooperative aid program The OneWorld Guide to Food Security [show] v • d • e Topics on human population Major articles World population · Family planning · Green revolution · Overpopulation · Over-consumption (water crisis) · Reproductive rights  · Sustainable development Biological topics Population biology · Population control (one-child policy · Immigration reduction) · Population decline · Population density · Population growth · Population pyramid Population ecology Carrying capacity · Ecological footprint · I = P • A • T · Malthusian growth model · World3 model · Food security · World energy resources and consumption · Habitat destruction · Optimum population Literary works A Modest Proposal · An Essay on the Principle of Population · Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth · How Much Land Does a Man Need? · The Limits to Growth  · The Population Bomb · The Ultimate Resource · The Skeptical Environmentalist Lists Most highly populated countries · Metropolitan areas by population Events and organizations International Conference on Population and Development  · Optimum Population Trust  · United Nations Population Fund · World Population Foundation Related articles World Population Day · "The Day of Six Billion" · Easter Island downfall · Classic Maya collapse · Holocene extinction [show] v • d • e Sustainability Philosophy and definition Sustainable living · Environmentalism · Environmental ethics · Rio Declaration on Environment and Development · Sustainable development Population Birth control · Family planning · Overpopulation · Population control · Zero population growth 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Fisheries management · Forest management / Forestry · Gardening · Landscape architecture · Living · Industries · Packaging · Procurement · Reporting · Tourism · Transport · Yield Related disciplines Conservation biology · Environmental biotechnology / chemistry / design / economics / engineering / ethics / history / law / psychology / science / sociology [show]   International reports and agreements UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972) · Brundtlandt Commission Report, 1983 (Our Common Future, 1987) · Earth Summit (1992) · Agenda 21 (1992) · Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) · ICPD Programme of Action (1994) · Earth Charter · Lisbon Principles · Millennium Declaration (2000) · Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) [show]   Lists and glossaries Lists Association of Environmental Professionals · Climate change topics · Conservation issues / topics · Environmental agreements / health hazards / issues / organisations / topics (sound topics / studies topics) · Global sustainability statistics Glossaries Climate change · Environmental science Category · Portal Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security" Categories: Food politics | Humanitarian aid | Security | Urban agriculture | Food and the environment Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from May 2008 | NPOV disputes from May 2008 | All NPOV disputes | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008
Pakistan suicide bomber kills six A suspected suicide bomber kills six people outside Pakistan's main air force maintenance facility, police say. Audacious militant tactics Waziristan war aims? Attack shuts all schools Thousands leave Sri Lankan camp Some 6,000 Tamils are freed from Sri Lanka's main camp for people displaced by war, the largest group since the conflict ended. Congress leading in India states India's Congress party is ahead in all three states which held assembly elections this month. FEATURES, NEWS, ANALYSIS Identity crisis Why is Pakistan described as 'the bottom hell'? In pictures Refugees flood town near South Waziristan war Bangalore beta India's city of rising tech and spreading poverty MORE FROM SOUTH ASIA Attack shuts all Pakistan schools Briton's rapist arrested in India India train crash leaves 22 dead Australia to review Afghan force Village 'witches' beaten in India Indian Maoist rebels loot bank Pakistan targets key Taliban town Bangladesh drug firm chief jailed Blast at Islamabad university Delhi car workers go on strike Abuses may hit EU-Sri Lanka ties Iran accuses Pakistan over attack BUSINESS IMF tells Asia to keep spending Sri Lanka shares continue falling FEATURES Climate change - India's stance In pictures: Waziristan refugees Afghan endgame? Pakistan's military might 'Torch for Peace' Tense relations Fear in Pakistan Hunger to learn PICTURE STORIES Water woes 1965 war photos Rare Nehru Sri Lanka war Afghan school Reluctant return Biswa Ijtema Gujarat nomads Afghan troops Afghan mines Cyclone homeless Indian farmers Afghan funerals Kite's eye view Indian railways Mosque siege Nepali Goddesses Nepal children Mud disaster Mosque bomb Peshawar bomb Indian mutiny Tiger air raid Cricket fans Cricket colour Afghan births Plane restored Bob Woolmer Cricket fever Kabul-Kandahar Tsunami question Baloch housing Uri return Earthquake - Uri Heat and dust India's Africans Karachi homeless Tsunami survivor Women and war Death at birth Indian postman Afghan life 1 Afghan life 2 Animal Fair B'desh climate  COUNTRY PROFILES A GUIDE TO SOUTH ASIA Choose a country Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India The Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka  Find a territory Kashmir  Compiled by BBC Monitoring FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Backroom deals Lyse Doucet on the chances of an Afghan coalition War aims Could Waziristan assault lead to wider offensive? 'Waste of time' Afghans react to news they must vote again OTHER TOP STORIES Pakistan brigadier dies in attack Afghan opium fuels 'global chaos' India Maoists release policeman UN confident over Afghan run-off Two charged over Scarlett death Road safety warning in Bangladesh India-China climate change deal ALSO IN THE NEWS India independence love affair film is shelved VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS Pakistan releases army footage Afghan vote officials sacked SPORT HEADLINES Pakistan recall Farhat to squad RADIO AND TV PROGRAMMES News and analysis Latest World Service bulletin Newshour World Today Evening Report World Service Programmes MOST POPULAR STORIES From South Asia in the past week SUNDAY : US decision after Afghan result SATURDAY : Pakistan launches Taliban assault FRIDAY : Deadly bomb shakes Pakistani city THURSDAY : Pakistan rocked by fresh attacks WEDNESDAY : India rejects Mother Teresa claim Middle East News Feeds RSS feed Page last updated at 00:02 GMT, Friday, 23 October 2009 01:02 UK White House urges Mid-East push The White House urges both sides in the Middle East conflict to press forward to re-launch a deadlocked peace process. Obama plans in jeopardy Peres is 'fine despite collapse' Palestinian settlement builders Israel 'met Iran' at atomic talks Israeli and Iranian representatives met in face-to-face talks in Cairo and discussed nuclear arms proliferation, Israeli officials say. Rights group denies Israel bias Human Rights Watch has rejected accusations by its founder, Robert Bernstein, that it is biased against Israel. FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Cinematic tension Jewish-Arab film breaks new ground for Israeli audience Bouncing back Egypt opposition rallies over succession fears Iran hopes raised Nuclear deal would lower tensions, but problems remain MORE FROM MIDDLE EAST Israel joins US for defence drill EgyptAir hijack attempt thwarted Afghan opium fuels 'global chaos' Kuwait women win passport right Violent clashes in Algiers slums Goldstone rejects Israel protests Yemeni rebels get death penalty Iran mourns suicide bomb victims BUSINESS Oil price hits new high for 2009 Qatar sale hits Barclays shares MEDIA ROUND-UP Disputes over IAEA deal Iranian press condemns bombing YOUR PERSPECTIVE Iran voices: The nuclear crisis Iranian views: Divided country FEATURES US cuts funding to Iran opposition In pictures: Tehran park romance Struggle over West Bank town Hostilities deepen water crisis No covering up Egypt's niqab row In the shadow of a settlement Iraq's drought: Eden drying out COUNTRY PROFILES A GUIDE TO THE MIDDLE EAST Choose a country Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel/Pal areas Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria Tunisia UAE Yemen  Find a territory Golan Heights  Compiled by BBC Monitoring FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Ayatollah email Ahmadinejad's theological critic shares concerns Israeli patriots? Contradictions for Bedouin who serve in the Israeli army Volatile city US troops remain on the streets of oil-rich Kirkuk OTHER TOP STORIES Iran lawyer in 'blood money' plea Yemen rebels 'fight Saudi forces' Israel rejects police abuse probe UK navy forces to return to Iraq Syria rights veteran faces trial Iran nuclear fuel deal 'agreed' VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS US troops still on patrol in Kirkuk Film immortalises Iraqi poet THE BIG PICTURE HAVE YOUR SAY We are not a violent culture and we want peace just as much as the families living in Gaza Shaul del Monte, Tel-Aviv, Israel TV AND RADIO PROGRAMMES One-minute World News World Service bulletin World Today World Service radio schedules MOST POPULAR STORIES From Middle East in the past week THURSDAY : Israel 'met Iran' at atomic talks WEDNESDAY : Iran nuclear fuel deal 'agreed' TUESDAY : Iran MPs demand action on Mousavi MIDDLE EAST WEATHER Select a city: Abu Dhabi Algiers Amman Baghdad Bahrain Beirut Brazzaville Brunei Cairo Damascus Doha Djibouti Jerusalem Kuwait Mumbai Muscat Riyadh Sana Tehran Tripoli Tunis  ELSEWHERE ON THE BBC Asia-Pacific News Feeds RSS feed Page last updated at 04:56 GMT, Friday, 23 October 2009 05:56 UK N Korea food shortage 'desperate' The food situation in North Korea is desperate, with only one-third of the hungry receiving aid, the UN says. N Korea gulags 'hold 150,000' Is North Korea facing famine? UN assesses food supply Koreas silent on reported meeting Officials refuse to comment publicly on a reported secret meeting between North and South Korea last week. Asian leaders arrive for summit Asian heads of state converge on the Thai beach resort of Cha-Am for a summit amid fresh tensions and heavy security. FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Mind the dingo! The perils of playing the world's longest golf course Grab the goat Kyrgyz horsemen show their skills in ancient game Massive mosque What's behind a prestige building for Tajikistan? MORE FROM ASIA-PACIFIC US Burma trip begins long process Kyrgyz insider chosen as premier India-China climate change deal Many 'missing' after China riots DNA prompts Japan murder retrial Gates presses Japan on Okinawa US top court to hear Uighur case BUSINESS Hyundai profits reach record high IMF tells Asia to keep spending YOUR PERSPECTIVE Eyewitness: Sumatra earthquake Japan election: Voters' views Xinjiang: Views from China PICTURE STORIES Life in N Korea Mongolian dig Marriage market Ballots by boat Old China Migrant journey Indonesian waria Gadget city Thai protests Cyclone sketches Detained Burmese Taiwan Tao tribe Plastic Bag Ban Peking duck Life in Mindanao E Timor camps Cherry blossom Tajikistan cold Emerging China Angel of Mercy Japanese food Remote Papua Wiring Taiwan Jakarta family Lao cuisine Chinese official Modern Tibet Rural China Thai insects HK changes Turning heads Cambodia jungle HK living Aceh recovers Tsunami photos Inside N Korea Family rebuilds Birds' nests Unseen N Korea Philippine nanny Toys from China  FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Indonesia tests tsunami alerts Learn Chinese for free... in Liberia Afghans seek refuge in Tajikistan Japan's new hi-tech 'graveyards' COUNTRY PROFILES A GUIDE TO ASIA-PACIFIC Choose a country Australia Brunei Burma Cambodia China East Timor Fiji Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Kiribati North Korea South Korea Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Marshall Islands Micronesia Mongolia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea The Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Tonga Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam  Find a territory Cook Islands French Polynesia Guam Hong Kong Macau New Caledonia Niue N Marianas Tibet Tokelau Xinjiang  Compiled by BBC Monitoring FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Green China? The tower block revolutionising green building Bryant's Australia Are 'plane people' better than 'boat people'? African view What have the Chinese done to Africa? OTHER TOP STORIES 'Huge damage' in Australia spill Philippines braces for new storm China economic growth accelerates Samoa rebuilds after the tsunami Indonesia cabinet draws criticism Russian circus bear kills manager ALSO IN THE NEWS The blue GM rose on sale in Japan Leech used to convict Australian robber VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS India-China climate change deal SPORT Cricket: NZ chiefs support Moles Rugby: Trio to make Kangaroos debut TV AND RADIO PROGRAMMES One-minute World News World Service bulletin World Today World Service radio schedules MOST POPULAR STORIES From Asia-Pacific in the past week THURSDAY : The world's longest golf course WEDNESDAY : Many 'missing' after China riots TUESDAY : In pictures: Kazakhstan's wild apples WEATHER Select a city: Adelaide Almaty Auckland Bangkok Beijing Bishkek Brisbane Canberra Hanoi Hong Kong Jakarta Kuala Lumpur Manila Melbourne Papeete Phnom Penh Pyongyang Rangoon Saipan Seoul Shanghai Singapore Suva Sydney Taipei Tokyo Ulan Bator Vladivostok Wellington  ELSEWHERE ON THE BBC Americas News Feeds RSS feed Page last updated at 04:15 GMT, Friday, 23 October 2009 05:15 UK US raids hit Mexican drug cartel More than 300 suspects are arrested in a series of drug raids targeting a Mexican drug cartel operating in the US. 'Family values' of drug gang Q&A: Mexico's drug violence Out with Texas border patrol Officials seize cocaine submarine Guatemalan and US authorities seize a makeshift submarine loaded with Colombian cocaine with a US street value of $200m. Nasa 'should scrap Ares rocket' A White House panel suggests that Nasa should abandon investment in its Ares rocket, just days before its maiden test flight. VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS Gunman prays on knees during raid One-minute World News McCain on need for an Afghanistan 'surge' Radio news summary FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Afghan dreaming? US marines in California train for action abroad City of fears Rio residents on violence and the Olympics Matt Frei's diary Who will win the battle of the bonuses? MORE FROM AMERICAS Panel supports commercial space More die amid Rio slum violence Mexican city sees record murders Retrial for Travolta Bahamas case Rights group denies Israel bias REM call for Guantanamo closure US jails Colombian drug kingpin BUSINESS US airlines report mixed fortunes New menu fuels McDonald's profit US 'plans bail-out firm pay cut' FEATURES US town's oil boom Computer healing Hillary Clinton's soft power Spirit of the Wild West endures Honduras turmoil bears bitter fruit COUNTRY PROFILES A GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS Choose a country Antigua/Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Rep Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname St Kitts & Nevis St Lucia St Vincent/Gren Trinidad/Tobago USA Uruguay Venezuela  Find a territory Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Brit Virgin Isl Cayman Islands Falkland Islands French Guiana Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Neth Antilles Puerto Rico St Pierre & Miq Turks and Caicos  Compiled by BBC Monitoring FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Ethical Man Return to US as UN warns Copenhagen summit will fail History lessons? Talk of re-election bids stirs concerns in Nicaragua Shaping up Venezuela aims to overhaul its police forces OTHER TOP STORIES Uruguay's ex-ruler Alvarez jailed Obama hails companies' pay cuts Kindle sales boost Amazon profits Nokia suing Apple over the iPhone US woman 'lied about race attack' Ex-NY police chief Kerik in jail ALSO IN THE NEWS US paper seeks pot critic - but you must be ill to apply Michelle Obama displays her hula hoops skills MARDELL'S AMERICA Political analysis and a British perspective on life in the US Monkey business Will Wall Street slashers impress Main Street ? MATT FREI'S DIARY Obama feels satire's sting The power of football SPORT HEADLINES Phillies return to World Series MOST POPULAR STORIES From Americas in the past week THURSDAY : US paper seeks pot correspondent WEDNESDAY : Terror suspect arrested in Boston TUESDAY : US scientist charged with spying MONDAY : Balloon family 'ready for arrest' SUNDAY : US balloon boy case 'was a hoax' Business News Feeds RSS feed Page last updated at 23:10 GMT, Thursday, 22 October 2009 00:10 UK Nokia suing Apple over the iPhone Nokia, the world's biggest mobile phone maker, says it is suing Apple for infringing its patents with the iPhone. Smartphones: A pick of the crop Vodafone enters UK iPhone market Obama hails companies' pay cuts Barack Obama welcomes plans to force some firms which accepted government bailouts to cut executive pay. Kindle sales boost Amazon profits Online retailer Amazon has reported strong profits between July and September - thanks in part to the Kindle electronic reader. FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Coming home The Box returns to the UK after a year travelling the globe Escaping Vista How difficult is the upgrade to Windows 7? Matt Frei's diary Who will win the battle of the bonuses? VIDEO AND AUDIO NEWS Russian banker Kostin talks to the BBC Poor luxury goods sales Simpsons star's ode to bank crisis NYSE creates up to 400 NI jobs MORE FROM BUSINESS ECONOMY UK expected to exit its recession Zero growth for UK retail sales Banks 'to lend more in mortgages' City opens £675m shopping centre COMPANIES Pub sector 'ties' cleared by OFT National Express warns on profits Arcadia and Debenhams see growth Personal data of 51,000 is lost UK YOUR MONEY 1.5m pensioners 'overpaying tax' Phone tariffs 'too bewildering' Call to end middle class benefits Fuel poverty 'continues to rise' AFRICA SA farmers to rent land in Congo Ivorian dumping report published AMERICAS eBay profits continue to fall EU warns Oracle on Sun takeover ASIA PACIFIC IMF tells Asia to keep spending Miner sees record iron production EUROPE Ericsson profits hit by downturn Tax credits boost Deutsche profit MIDDLE EAST Oil price hits new high for 2009 Qatar sale hits Barclays shares SOUTH ASIA Sri Lanka shares continue falling PartyGaming founder cuts stake FEATURES, VIEWS, ANALYSIS Nosy neighbours Norwegian income and tax details revealed Patatas bravo In tough times Spaniards flock to the tapas bars In pictures A look at 10 of the major releases of Windows GLOBAL RECESSION Full coverage of the global economic crisis and how it is affecting you MARKET DATA - 06:05 UK FTSE 100 5207.36down -50.49 -0.96% Dax 5762.93down -70.56 -1.21% Cac 40 3820.85down -52.37 -1.35% Dow Jones 10081.31up 131.95 1.33% Nasdaq 2165.29up 14.56 0.68% BBC Global 30 5176.66down -8.43 -0.16% Data delayed by at least 15 minutes Marketwatch ticker OTHER TOP BUSINESS STORIES US airlines report mixed fortunes Opel workers in Spain reach deal US 'plans bail-out firm pay cut' New menu fuels McDonald's profit Hyundai profits reach record high Nestle blames franc for sales dip China economic growth accelerates More UK postal strikes called ALSO IN THE NEWS How mega-fraudster Madoff is adjusting to life in prison British Airways boss says people only fly because they have to Robert Peston's blog: Keep up-to-date with the latest business analysis Bank reform: The radical way Lloyds: compensating taxpayers Should Darling back Lloyds' rights issue? HOW WE WORK Guidelines for financial journalists TV AND RADIO NEWS PROGRAMMES World Business News Business Daily Global Business The Money Programme The Bottom Line WATCH/LISTEN NOW More programmes | Podcasts MOST POPULAR STORIES From Business in the past week WEDNESDAY : Pound soars on Bank meeting notes TUESDAY : UK postal strike 'self-defeating' MONDAY : Why Microsoft can't afford Windows 7 to fail SUNDAY : Anger at Mail plan to hire temps SATURDAY : Six face insider trading charges http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/default.stm   BBC World News Front Page
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