MONSOON Memories

MONSOON Memories

Troubled galaxy Destroyed Dreams: Chapter 254

Palash Biswas

 

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Monsoon delayed, may reach city by June 20 Times of India - ‎16 hours ago‎ NAGPUR: It's a delayed monsoon, at least for central India. There are no signs of the south-west monsoon reaching Vidarbha and central India for another ... India soybean ends up on monsoon lull; soyoil eases Reuters India Monsoon stuck for a week: Met Office Times of India India soybean futures rise on monsoon delay Reuters India Reuters India - Reuters India all 41 news articles » Email this story India soybean seen up on monsoon lull, Malaysia palm Reuters India - ‎12 hours ago‎ MUMBAI, June 12 (Reuters) - Indian soybean and soyoil futures may open higher on Friday on forecast of a week-long monsoon lull and tracking gains in ... India soybean ends up on monsoon lull; outlook bullish Reuters India India guar futures up on lower acreage, monsoon lull Reuters India India chana, guar up on demand, subdued monsoon Reuters India Reuters India - Reuters India all 36 news articles » Email this story Airlines offering heavy discounts this monsoon Times of India - ‎17 hours ago‎ ... offers are in fact attempts to shore up the bottom line during the lean period of monsoon, generally spread over the months of July to September. ... Mangalorean.com Monsoon session of legislature Express Buzz - ‎12 hours ago‎ BANGALORE: The monsoon session of the state legislature will begin from July 9 and is likely to be held till July 24. The state Cabinet which met here on ... Karnataka Legislature's Monsoon session to begin from July 9 Indopia Karnataka Assembly session from Jul 9 SahilOnline Move to ban sex, violence in films Mangalorean.com all 4 news articles » Email this story Monsoon effect: Airlines slash fares to boost demand Moneycontrol.com - ‎Jun 11, 2009‎ With demand still not optimal and monsoons around the corner, most carriers have slashed airfare in a bid to woo passengers back to the plane. ... Guar: Firm on poor monsoon advancement Commodity Online - ‎7 hours ago‎ Guar futures which surged by almost 3% in the last 2-3 days on the IMD's prediction that the monsoon rains are expected to extend the weak phase for next 1 ... India guar seed futures lower on profit-taking Reuters India NCDEX Guar Seed July Sell below 1800 Commodity Online NCDEX Guar June buy on dip at 1750-1760 Commodity Online all 5 news articles » Email this story HC order won't affect pre-monsoon work Sakaal Times - ‎10 hours ago‎ There was concern that the High Court order would prevent the municipal corporation from carrying out the annual pre-monsoon trimming. ... Eight new trees for every tree cut: PMC Times of India PMC to shift stray dogs from Phursungi, Urali Times of India Ready for the rains? Sakaal Times Sakaal Times - Sakaal Times all 12 news articles » Email this story Centre readies plan to flush out Maoists after monsoon Economic Times - ‎Jun 10, 2009‎ The post-monsoon offensive is expected to be a time-bound counter-operation that will essentially focus on the extremist-infested ... MSU to sow 700 saplings of medicinal plants this monsoon Indian Express - ‎21 hours ago‎ Prof Arun Arya, head of Botany department, said: “We are going to plant all the trees during monsoon. The university authorities have already granted ... Medicinal plants at MSU campus, vc's residence to be catalogued Indian Express all 2 news articles » Email this story Jet, SpiceJet offer monsoon specials Moneycontrol.com - ‎Jun 10, 2009‎ Jet Airways, Jet Airways Konnect, JetLite and SpiceJet are offering special fares for a limited period ending June 13. Spice's offer is between June 10 and ... Budget carriers slash airfares by 15-25% Livemint all 18 news articles » BOM:532617 – BOM:500285 Email this story Stay up to date on these results: Create an email alert for Monsoon Add a custom section for Monsoon to Google News Add a news gadget for Monsoon to your Google homepage

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When you live in the city the passing of the seasons are distant, almost irrelevant affairs that technology hasn't managed to control yet!

I woke up this morning while the Telephone rang once again!

It was a call from United sates once again!

Chetan, the nephew of Rajesh Rahul was calling! He has gone through my blogs and was asking for Feed backs! He wants to know more. I suggested him to talk to our friend URMILESH, a senior journalist in Hindustan Times based in New Delhi. He informed me that he has already talked to URMILEH two years back while he was in India.

URMILESH saw Rajesh Rahul last in 2000. Since then he MISSED and no one knows his whereabouts.

`My villagers got a news from MUMBAI some six years ago that Rajesh was seen in Mumbai, but we couldnot trace out', he repented.

I stayed with URMILESH in JNU. I landed in JNU from ALLAHABAD University where I had some serious difference of opinion with my research guide as I wanted to work on the Impact of Industrialisation and Urbanisation on Indian English Novel.

Manglesh Dabral was the literary editor in AMRIT Prabhat. I was writing for the newspaper since I landed in Allahabad directly from the Himalayas. I had applied for editorial job there, but the recruiting journalist , the powerful news editor Jagadish Mathur rejected my application as he declared me disqualified. Anil Sinha from Patna and some others were recruited.

 In those days, I had already stopped to get any help from home and had to earn. Bhairab Prasad Gupta, Amarkant and Markendey helped me a lot. Shailesh Matiyani was also very cooperative. In those days, the writers, artists and poets based in Allahabad were connected like  a family.I was staying with Shekhar Joshi in 100, Lukerganj. Manglesh and Biren Dangwal were staying in LOOKERGANJ just a BLOCK away. I was treated as a KUMUNI Student and all the Kumauni people in Allahabad were in my side.

Back in Nainital I had been associated with CHIPKO Movement as well as UTTARAKHAND Sangharsha Bahini. Then I was working for Nainital Samachar and Pahar. I was a regular contributor in Dainik Parvatiya.Since GIC days, I had been writing.

 

In my Intermediate session, my average expenditure amounted Rs Five Thousand Rs per month. While  I was captured by Tara Chandra Tripathi and got touch with Shekhar Pathak and Chandresh Shastri in DSB College, I reduced my expenditure within Five Hundred Rs per month in Graduation days. Meanwhile, GIRDA became our guide and Philosopher.

 

 Shekhar was the only man who was contributing regularly to mainstream media. He taught me the technique of writing in National Media which was the URGENCY for the Movement. we had to write in Hindi to address the GRASS ROOT level masses. Though I was a student who opted for English Medium ,yet it was never a hard task to write in Hindi as I was writing creative literature in Hindi inspired by Tara Chandra Tripathi.

 

 During my Post Graduation days , I began to work as an assigned Journalist. I was contributing to Times of India Group mags regularly. Thus, I needed not any help from HOME. Rather I could help my father who was a committed Social Activist, Peasant and refugee leader life long.

But I found it quite difficult for sustenance in Allahabad as Allahabad had Never been a Catchy Date Line. During seventies, Nainital was a better Date Line and after all I was at home.

I shifted to MOMFORDGANJ. I had some translation job in Mitra Prakashan, nothing else. I had to walk from Momfordganj to Mitra Prakashan Office or Northern India group. I got some friends in PSO as well as SFI who helped me  a lot and I also got some TUTIONS. Ramji Roy, Chittya Ranjan Singh, Rajendra Mangaj,Neelabh, DK Yadav, Ravi and Nisha were amongst my friend circle.

 

But I had to walk from Momfordganj to CHOWK for a tuition.

 

 Allahabad was never a costly city.  I could eat only for RUPEE one a day. I could get an EKKA for 50 paisa. In company Garden, a ten paisa GUAVA was enough for the lunch.

But I could not manage my sustenance very well. Then, Manglesh and Birenda suggested me to shift in JNU as I could work as a FREE Lance journalist there and could join the centralised Mainstream of Indian Intelligentsia.

 

 They Convinced me very well and I was introduced to URMILESH.

I left ALLAHABAD with URMILESH and stayed with him in POORVANCHAL. Very soon I was in the team. It was URMILESH who introduced me to Gorakh Pandey and Rajesh Rahul.

We NEVER encountered the PLAINS but our life style was very PLAIN. We could be convinced by anyone logically. When URMILESH visited Dhanbad and suggested me to spend some time there as a journalist, I NEVER knew the Fall OUT.

Ironically, URMILESH had to leave JNU due to his ENCOUNTER with DR NAMVAR Singh, then the Dean of Humanities. He also turned to be a Journalist.

All these memories come back like Potential MONSOON.

While Chetan enquired about Rahul`s marital status ,I was Swept by MONSOON Memories in our childhood. He is ADAMENT to everything about his uncle. We discussed the REACTION on us after the SUICIDE of our friend, philosopher and Poet Gorakh Pandey. We Never know whether it connects to the Disillusionment leading to personality Disorder and Drug addiction.

But I tried to convince Chetan that he should be proud of his MISSING Uncle as he had been more committed to anyone of us!

WHY RAJESH DISconnected HIMSELF FROM HIS FAMILY back in Azamgarh, Chetan wanted to know again and again. And it was to be in another time which lands me right into my Childhood.

I told Chetan that, sometimes , Family also outcasts the member. As it happened with my CHHOTOKAKA.

 

CHHOTOKAKA was way ahead of Generation. He was only doctor in Nainital Terai who practiced in CHORGALIA right under the feet of Himalayas ,some KM away from Kathgodam. He then practiced in Khatima and Nepal Terai also. He also stayed in ASSAM for some time.

 

 While I visited our people in Maligaon in ASSAM, the people remembered my father as well as the doctor. He worked for years in DINESHPUR and Shaktifarm. Even in Gadarpur and Bajpur.He was a simple RMP. But he was able to do any emergency Surgery. He never CHARGED FEES and helped the POOR to buy fruits and medicines, paying himself rather.

We believed that he could do anything! He was a TECHNICAL Wizard and could repair any Damn thing.

He was very smart and attractive and was very popular among the ladies.Thus, he was not happy with the arranged Marriage thurst Upon him.

 

This UNHAPPINESS destroyed  a man of his calibre. It brought Bad name to the family and eventually he was ISOLATED from the Family.

 

My wife SABITA never met my friends in JNU. But we spent six years in Meerut where we ran a unit of Jana Sanskriti Manch. Dr Arvind Kumar, Dr naresh Tyagi, Atul Sinha, Alok Puranik and Daya
Shankar Roy had been the main activists there. In Dhanbad and Ranchi , we were active as NAV JANVADI Snaskritik Morcha and so many meetings held at our home. There Professor Prabhakar Singh, Manmohan Pathak, Dr BB Sharma, Madan Kashyap, Srinarayan Samir often joined us. Maheshwar and BB Pandey also visited us.

 

She knew Gorakh Pandey very well and also knew Rajesh Rahul and the friend circle.

 

Thus, Sabita wonders why we neglected our friend and allowed them to merge in suicidal DEPRESSION. She witnessed me talking to Chetan and heard the conversation. She wonders why Rahul`s family failed to bail out their boy!

 

I discussed this point with Dr Mandhata Singh, my friend in the office. he studied in BHU, Banaras and got PHD degree from there in HISTORY. Mind you, PSO was initially active in BHU and Allahabad University. Perhaps REETA Bahuguna, the present UP Congress President and daughter of Hembati Nandan Bahuguna was elected to Allahabad University Students Union on PSO Ticket. Krishna Pratap, the DSP killed in encounter was a student in English Department in Allahabad University. He was also an activist of PSO. AN JHA Hostel and JUBILEE hostel were the strong bases of PSO.

 

Ramji Roy and ANAND Pradhan belonged to Banaras while Kaushal Kishore Srivastav and vinoy Srikar belonged to Lucknow. Anil Sinha shifeted in Lucknow and made a team waith Ajay Singh. Birenda returned to Bareilly and joined the HINDI Dept. in Ruhelkhand university as well as Amar Ujala. He made a team there. I joined the team for a brief period in 1990 while I worked in dainik amar Ujala.

 

Dr. Mandhata Singh passed his M.A. in 1984. He witnessed the PSO and JASAM Activities very well in BHU. Kashinath singh was there in the university. DK Yadav also shifted in Banaras. He established a COMMUNE. Mandhata`s Uncle, DEVENDRA SINGH, an eminent Short story writer in Hindi was active in BHU with SRIKANT and SUBHASH GATADE led by Anand Pradhan.

 

At least two of these most committed and active friends amongst us other tahn GORAKH Pandey and Rajesh Rahul DEGENERATED. SRIKANT died in DEPRESSION. He had given up eating food. He was also DRUG ADDICTED. Binoy Srikar was most BRIGHT among the lot and we had been friends since EMERGENCY.

 

We participated in the writer`s underground meeting in Kota in 1976. Kapilesh Bhoj, Dhirendra Asthana, Vinoy Srikar, Sabyasachi, SHIV RAM, Mahendra Neh,Sudheesh Pachauri, Kanti Mohan, Kuwanr Pal Singh, Namita Singh  and others joined the meeting. Dhirendra, later,joined CHIPKO movement and he was based in Dehradoon with Suraj Paliwal and Suresh Uniyal!

 

I met VINOY SRIKAR in Meerut in 1988-89. he was working there as chief sub editor. He left the job and we do not know his where about. He was lost in DRINKS!

 

Most of our friends adjusted with the system. They are REPUTED Professionals now. But those who never COMPROMISED and were committed, never could get back to mainstream and were ISOLATED as they turned DISILLUSIOED with Ideology and party! Most of them were Bright students and their families dreamt around them. They failed to RETURN anything. They could not return home nor the family could bail out them.

 

It happened with most of them.

 

Dr Mandhata, a Historian, comments rather pragmatically that it is always difficult for the Socially Committed and Intellectual Personalities to get a family as per his or her level.

 

It solves the PUZZLE perhaps.

 

My father was very LIBERAL and allowed me to do any damn thing. I was a Naxal Activist right in my Junior Classes. My father never restricted me. We differed in Politics as well as Economics. I insisted on Ideology while he depended on Practical Experience. I wonder why he could not understand CHHOTOKAKA and could not provide accurate SPACE for him.

 

I owe my GLOBAL Vision to CHHOTOKAKA as in a remote village BASANTIPUR he supplied me World Literature and Classic Literature. He was a HARD Core ATHEIST. I was influenced mostly by him, a person in the RURAL Human scape , fully free of SUPERSTITIONS and TABOOS. He used to break the TABOOS inviting the wrath of the family as well as society. He was habitual to VIOLATE the moral and social values as he was experimenting all the way.

 

 I believed that I could understand my CHHOTOkaka very well.

 

 I never broke the contact with him but I lost the Communication link while he migrated to Nepal and DIED Mysteriously in Manjhola, in a Muslim village where he was practicing!

 

 My father received the body of his poor brother. The family, in fact never got rid of the MOURNING MODE!

 

Thus, I understand the PAINED HEART and Mind of young Chetan.

 

I was as HELPLESS as he feels now!

 

I could hardly help me not to break in tears! The MONSOON captured me this MORNING while KOLKATA is right into Drought once again, full of HUMIDITY and struck by regular Load Shedding!

 

MONSOON Memories awoke once again and I remember the forgotten MINUTES.

 

I remembered the RAINY day when I Finally EJECTED me out of the HEAVEN, the HI MALAYS and landed as a MILTONIC Satan in the plains. but I could never try to RULE this mortal world like the Classic protagonist. It was raining heavily. My bus was stranded for hours in both side Land Slide just down the way from Nainital. I lost the Beautiful Girls and the teachers and their personalities for ever as the LOST Faces so dear NEVER Return even after CROSSING SEVEN Oceans of Tears and all the deserts.

 

I could not express my JOY when I stumbled to meet NEENA Kapahi my class mate since Graduation days who completed M.A. with me, on CIVIL Lines Allahabad in a very ROMANTIC Evening near the COFFEE House. We sipped  cups of Coffee together for the last time and NEVER met again as I could not connect to her. A little girl USHA verma used to be with us. NEENA and USHA always helped me with notes while I used to miss classes for a longer period to meet my social liabilities. Neena had a beautiful Handwriting and used to write very COMPACT. I dare claim that she would fit in MODERN Times with her pragmatic sense of Accuracy. Her Elder sister CHITRA Kapahi was one year senior to us. She topped the University and was the lecturere in department of English while we were in the Final Years. I opted for ESSAY paper and she was the teacher. Often we used to sit face to face alone in the class room under shivering cold or snowfall or during a Rainy Day . She never tried to teach me anything and remained very friendly.

 

 Mrs Madhulika Dexit and Mrs Anil Bisht also favoured me a lot.

 

Neena told me in ALLAHABAD that CHITRA was Married away in London.

 

 MRS Dexit shifted to Married life with her estranged Husband and we could never locate her.

 

After my father`s death in 2001, I went to my college first time after 1979. Anil Bisht was the head of the department and I had to introduce myself.

 

Not only she , but her daughter, engaged in NGO, Recognised instantly.

 

 I was amazed that the beautiful lady had maintained all about me, my whereabouts, my journalism, my writings and my activism, even all about America Se Savdhan, its content and form. It was  so HEALING, I may never explain!

 

I came to know about the untimely death of our friend and Batch Topper, a SIKH Girl from Haldwani whom we loved much while  I was on Honey Moon with Sabita in Nainital.

 

 Pawan rakesh broke the news.

 

 But we could not get in touch with Amita Agrawal or Deepa Jeena.

 

 Well, I had been in contact with the Male Classmates for some time!

 

Those days of Walking UP Down Mal road in Snow Fall would Never Return!

 

Those days of getting warmth in company under the Pines Trees during Snow fall would never return.

 

Those days of RUNNING UP and Down the DSB Road in Heavy rain in Aynayr Pata without any COVER would never return.

 

Those days of spending hours debating in Nainital Samachar would never return.

 

Those days of sleeping in single Quilt, boys and girls would never return.

 

Those days of sharing tea and drink in a single cup would never return.

 

Those days of HUNTING in Lariyan Kanta would never return.

 

Those days of roaming around SNOW View , Tiff in top and china Peak would never return.

 

Those days of collective ragging and Eve Teasing on Mal road would Never return.

 

Those days of defying Fever and sickness and loitering in valleys and hills would never return.

 

Those days in reading rooms and Libraries and seeking books would never return.

 

Those days of STONING PAC or Police would never return.

 

Those days of romance and calf Love would never return.

 

Those idle days of making noise in COFFEE HOUSE and canteen and STORMS in TEA CUP would never return!

 

Chetan sent back me right into Nainital MONSOON in my childhood. In my eight or nine years age, I would accompany my father and Uncles to SAVE bundles of Paddy and would carry them home from the fields as FLASH Floods were never to be for casted. Ploughing under heavy rain or planting Paddy returned to memory. Rivers were full of water so that we could swim. We were also free to swim in the Green fields by anyone. We were free to play KABADI or Football under MONSOON. We were also free to walk in FLOOD Waters as Haripura Dam was non existing until seventies.

 

On a MONSOON day I had to watch to Maoist youths were lynched in nearby village Amarpur in open Fields and they were shouting, INCLUB ZINDABAD.

 

I have seen so many events of Birth and death under heavy rain.

 

When I was reading in class seven, a beautiful girl landed in our family from Moradabad. Her father was working in Moradabad. She came with her parents and elder sister. We went for fishing to our flooded rivulet and she used her white FROCK to catch Fish. I would never forget the girl , though I never met her again!

 

MY CHHOTOKAKA loved to work on the fields in Monsoon and we gladly followed him. We followed him in Harvesting late in Night with Patromax on as we had not the Raging Sun in summer!

 

We had to carry the LUNCH to the working people amidst Monsoon! It had always been busy time as PADDY was to be planted. We had to carry the paddy plants from different villages around.

 

We were In charge of the family cattle. We had to look after them under Sun, in storm or in Heavy rain. We have to manage fodder swimming and crossing the river. We had to look after them while they were busy in the fields of GRASS.

 

Then, I had to go to Ganganani while BHAGIRATHI was blocked in GOMUKH by landslide. The Landslides, flash Floods, Calamities and Epidemics were so common in MONSOON . But we always enjoyed Nainital Monsoon while we could see the MOUNTAINS right before us in the plains during SUN Break.

 

Snakes and wild animals were around and we were never afraid of them!

 

Greatest Atom Bomb happens to be the Himalayas | Palash Speaks

Every one in the Himalayas happens to be a Sleeping Dynamite! ..... In one of the worst floods since 1978, the state called in the 3 Madras Regiment and ...
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Bibilography: Water Related Hazards in the Himalaya

Bibliography on the Hydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram Region: 1.6 Water Related ... Ives, J.D. (1986) Glacial Lake Outburst Floods and Risk Engineering in the Himalaya. ... R.A. (1978) Some aspects of stream erosion in the Himalaya. ...
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Floods in Bangladesh: History, dynamics and rethinking the role of ...

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Appendix 5.10: 1978 – A ''dry year'' for Bangladesh .......... 336 ... cesses in the Himalayas and the floods in the lowlands; ...
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The holy Himalaya: a geographical interpretation of Garhwal - Google Books Result

by Nitya Nand, Kamlesh Kumar - 1989 - Nature - 431 pages
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[DOC]

FLASH FLOODS: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN ...

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The flash floods of Bhagirathi in 1978, Sutlej in 1993 and 2000 and ... river basins of the Indian Himalayas suggest that the river was blocked many times, ...
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FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA-MEGHNA

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18 Nov 1986 ... According to the flood cycle in the Ganges, the flow goes down from October ... on the other side of the Himalayas before it enters Arunachal Pradesh. .... Out of these years, the floods of 1978 and 2000 were most severe ...
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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN UNSTABLE MOUNTAIN SLOPE AND RIVER IN THE ...

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1978 : • Tatopani village settled on lower terrace (+30 m) of the. Kali Gandaki ... evidence for past floods and aggradation induced by landsliding ...
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LEARNINGS FROM THE YAMUNA FLOODS OF AUGUST 2008

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21 Aug 2008 ... The flood in 1978 is considered as the highest flood in recent memory ... Himalayas stretching up till the month of March 2008 in some areas ...
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Hydrological Disasters - Google Books Result

by P.C. Sinha - 1998 - 230 pages
Floods in the Himalayas The Himalayas are a vast water machine; through snow melt and ... During those 1978 floods, some of the worst in India's history, ...
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0982 – B2 (Revised) What are the impacts of deforestation in the ...

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grave danger: deforestation in the Himalayas aggravating floods”. ..... In 1978 and 1986, years of very low flood dimension in Bangladesh, the ...
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Beware! The Land Slides by VK Joshi

 - 12:28am

Some other catastrophic slides include, Dhauliganga in 1956, Rishi Ganga in1967, Patal Ganga in 1970, Bhagirathi blockade of 5-6 August 1978, ...
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Damned by Dam by VK Joshi

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The holy Himalaya: a geographical interpretation of Garhwal - Google Books Result

by Nitya Nand, Kamlesh Kumar - 1989 - Nature - 431 pages
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Sangh Parivar jumps into Tehri protest

18 Nov 2005 ... ALLAHABAD, NOVEMBER 17 The Tehri agitation over blockade of the Bhagirathi has taken a political twist. What began as a demonstration by ...
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Bhagirathi Blockade…… July 1992. Jahakri Landslide Dam… Feb 1993. Alaknanda Tragedy of July 1970 was the mother of tragedies . Our landslide Hazard Zonation ...
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Ch06

In 1978 the Bhagirathi blockade resulting from a big landslide above Uttarkashi led to massive floods across the entire Gangetic plains. ...
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ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA VoL XXIII, Fase. 1 Szczecin 1993

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Shanna R.C^ HJŁ Singh, 1980: Impact of Bhagirathi blockade on its riverine ecosystem. JOHSARD, 4: 35-37. Singh HJt., 1987: Environmental problems in Garhwal ...
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The path crossed the Bhagirathi and went up steeply through the pine and .... They crossed the blockade walking and hitch hiked to reach Uttarkashi in time. ...
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Low-frequency of southern Asian monsoon variability using a 295-year record from the Dasuopu ice core in the central Himalayas

Low-frequency of southern Asian monsoon variability using a 295-year record from the Dasuopu ice core in the central Himalayas

Keqin Duan

Tibetan Plateau Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China

Tandong Yao

Tibetan Plateau Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China

L. G. Thompson

Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

A better understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Himalayas should be extremely important to improve our understanding of Asian monsoon dynamics. There is little that is understood about rainfall variability at the high Himalayas with elevation over 7000 m a.s.l. Here a high-resolution snow accumulation record from a well dated Dasuopu ice core from central Himalayas reflects low-frequency variability of monsoon precipitation over the last 295-year. MultiDecadal to centennial variations in the Dasuopu snow accumulation (DSA) are in-phase (out-of-phase) with that in monsoon rainfall of northeast Indian, Nepal and Bangladesh (southern India) over the period 1901–1995. The record shows the monsoon in central Himalayas had weakened in 18th century and strengthened throughout much of 19th and early 20th century, and then weakening again from early 1920s to the present.

 

Monsoon Climate Changes Influence Himalayas

Posted on: Tuesday, 11 November 2008, 10:15 CST

Data from seafloor drilling in South China Sea establish new record

Throughout history, the changing fortunes of human societies in Asia have been linked to variations in the precipitation resulting from seasonal monsoons.

A new paper published online this week in the journal Nature Geoscience suggests that variations in monsoon climate over longer time scales also influenced the evolution of the Himalaya mountain chain, the world's highest.

The climate over much of Asia is dominated by seasonal winds that carry moist air over the Pacific Ocean into East Asia and over the Indian Ocean into South Asia.

The East and South Asian monsoons are responsible for most of the rainfall in these regions. Although the time when these monsoon patterns were first established is unknown, many lines of evidence suggest that they first came about at least 24 million years ago.

The new study uses geochemical data from an Ocean Drilling Project sediment core extracted from the seafloor of the South China Sea to establish a record of the East Asian monsoon climate over that time interval.

"This synthesis of climate and tectonic studies, from Himalayan rocks to ocean floor sediments, has revealed the ancient history of a dynamic part of our planet," said James Dunlap, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Division of Earth Sciences, which funded the research. "These results will guide us in our efforts to better understand the potential for change on Earth today."

Sediments in this core were eroded from the drainage area of the Pearl River system in China, according to Peter Clift, a geologist at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland and lead author of the paper. "Their chemistry records the relative intensity through time of chemical weathering in an area that received the bulk of its precipitation from East Asian monsoon storms."

Many researchers believe that a geologically "abrupt" uplift of the Tibetan Plateau--the largest high-altitude region on Earth, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters (13,000 feet)--8 to 10 million years ago caused a major intensification in the monsoon climate.

"South China Sea data do not support that interpretation," said Kip Hodges, a co-author of the paper and geologist at Arizona State University.

The pattern in the core suggests a steady increase in East Asian monsoon intensity from 23 to 10 million years ago, followed by a steady weakening until about 4 million years ago.

"After that, the intensity began to increase once more," said Hodges. "The implication is that either the development of the plateau was not as abrupt as we might have thought, or that an abrupt uplift of the plateau at 8 to 10 million years caused a change in precipitation patterns that was not recorded in East Asia."

Another controversy surrounds the degree of coupling between the South and East Asian monsoons. Could one have varied in intensity differently from the other?

The team compared the South China Sea record with less complete sedimentary records from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal--which contain sediments that were eroded from the Himalaya, where the principal rainfall comes from South Asian monsoon storms--to argue for a linkage between the two monsoon systems over most of the past 23 million years.

The most interesting correlation was found when the team compared the sedimentary records to cooling age patterns in the Himalaya.

Compilations of the cooling ages obtained by Hodges and other researchers show that the periods of high East Asian monsoon intensity matched well with high frequencies of cooling ages, implying a relationship between monsoon intensity and erosion in the Himalaya.

"It implies, once again, that Earth is a complex system," said Hodges. "We cannot begin to fully understand mountain building without appreciating the roles of the hydrosphere and atmosphere in the evolution of mountain ranges."

But Hodges cautions that the results of this study are suggestive. "It is important to confirm our interpretations by generating a more comprehensive cooling age dataset from regions of the Himalaya that have not yet been studied because of logistical constraints or political instability."

Adds Clift, "We need more complete offshore sedimentary records from the Arabian Sea and Bengal Fan to make a solid case for linkages between the South and East Asian monsoon systems."

Other co-authors of the paper include D. Heslop of the Universität Bremen, Germany, R. Hannigan of Arkansas State University, and H. Van Long of the University of Aberdeen.

---

Image Caption: Machupuchare in the Annapurna Range of the Himalaya in central Nepal is a mountain influenced by monsoons. Credit: Kip Hodges

---

On the Net:

• Nature Geoscience
  
• National Science Foundation
  
• University of Aberdeen

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 http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1599504/monsoon_climate_changes_influence_himalayas/

 

Monsoon

India’s climate is dominated by monsoons. Monsoons are strong, often violent winds that change direction with the season. Monsoon winds blow from cold to warm regions because cold air takes up more space than warm air. Monsoons blow from the land toward the sea in winter, and from the sea toward land in the summer.

India’s winters are hot and dry. The monsoon winds blow from the northeast and carry little moisture. The temperature is high because the Himalayas form a barrier that prevents cold air from passing onto the subcontinent. Additionally, most of India lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the equator, so the sun’s rays shine directly on the land. The temperature can reach as high as 110^oF during the Indian winter.

The summer monsoons roar onto the subcontinent from the southwest. The winds carry moisture from the Indian Ocean and bring heavy rains from June to September. The torrential rainstorms often cause violent landslides. Entire villages have been swept away during monsoon rains. Despite the potential for destruction, the summer monsoons are welcomed in India. Farmers depend on the rains to irrigate their land. Additionally, a great deal of India’s electricity is generated by water power provided by the monsoon rains.

Pakistan is much drier than India. The summer monsoon winds in India bring moisture from the Indian Ocean; Pakistan is north of the ocean and receives much less rain. The Thar Desert is on the border between India and Pakistan. It covers more than 77,000 square miles, about the size of Nebraska.

http://www.mrdowling.com/612-monsoon.html
 

Monsoon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation).

Monsoon in the Vindhya mountain range, central India

A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several months. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.^[1] In hydrology, monsoon rainfall is considered to be that which occurs in any region that receives the majority of its rain during a particular season. This allows other regions of the world such as North America, South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Australia and East Asia to qualify as monsoon regions.^[2] In terms of total precipitation and total area covered, the monsoons affecting the Indian subcontinent dwarf the North American monsoon, and the South Asian monsoon affects a larger number of people, owing to the high density of population in that part of the world.

Contents [hide] 1 Etymology and definition 2 History 3 Process 4 Monsoon Systems 4.1 Northeast Monsoon (Southern Asia and Australasia) 4.2 Northern Indian Ocean Monsoon 4.2.1 South-West Summer Monsoon 4.2.2 North-East Monsoon (Retreating Monsoon) 4.3 North American Monsoon 4.4 African Monsoon 4.5 European Monsoon 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Etymology and definition

Monsoon clouds over Lucknow, India

The English monsoon came from Portuguese monção, ultimately from Arabic mawsim (موسم "season"), "perhaps partly via early modern Dutch monsun".^[3] The definition includes major wind systems that change direction seasonally.

"Most summer monsoons have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform from year to year. Winter monsoons, by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside, and cause drought."^[4]

[edit] History

Strengthening of the Asian monsoon has been linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of India and Asia around 50 million years ago.^[5] Many geologists believe the monsoon first became strong around 8 million years ago based on records from the Arabian Sea and the record of wind-blown dust in the Loess Plateau of China. More recently, plant fossils in China and new long-duration sediment records from the South China Sea led to a timing of the monsoon starting 15-20 million years ago and linked to early Tibetan uplift.^[6] Testing of this hypothesis awaits deep ocean sampling by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program.^[7] The monsoon has varied significantly in strength since this time, largely linked to global climate change, especially the cycle of the Pleistocene ice ages.^[8] Timing of the monsoon strengthening of the Indian Monsoon of around 5 million years ago was suggested due to an interval of closing of the Indonesian Seaway to cold thermocline waters passage from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean which is believed to have resulted in an increased sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean, which increased gyral circulation and then caused an increased intensity of the monsoon.^[9] Sinha et al. (2006) identified five episodes during the Quaternary at 2.22 (PL-1), 1.83 (PL-2), 0.68 (PL-3), 0.45 (PL-4) and 0.04 Ma (PL-5), of weakening of Leeuwin Current (Western Australia) and postulated that the weakening of the LC would have an effect on the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean, as the Indonesian throughflow generally warms the Indian Ocean. Thus these five intervals could probably be those of considerable lowering of SST in the Indian Ocean and would definitely have influenced Indian monsoon intensity. They ( Sinha et al., 2006) stated that that during the weak LC there is the possibility of reduced intensity of Indian winter monsoon and strong summer monsoon, because of change in the Indian Ocean dipole due to reduction in net heat input to the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian throughflow. Thus a better understanding of the possible links between El Nino, Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), Indonesian throughflow, wind pattern off Western Australia, and ice volume expansion and contraction can be obtained by studying the behaviour of the LC during Quaternary at close stratigraphic intervals.^[10]

[edit] Process

View of the Indian Ocean Monsoon clouds over Howrah Bridge, Kolkata.

Monsoons are caused by the larger amplitude of the seasonal cycle of land temperature compared to that of nearby oceans. This differential warming happens because heat in the ocean is mixed vertically through a "mixed layer" that may be fifty meters deep, through the action of wind and buoyancy-generated turbulence, whereas the land surface conducts heat slowly, with the seasonal signal penetrating perhaps a meter or so. Additionally, the specific heat capacity of liquid water is significantly higher than that of most materials that make up land. Together, these factors mean that the heat capacity of the layer participating in the seasonal cycle is much larger over the oceans than over land, with the consequence that the air over the land warms faster and reaches a higher temperature than the air over the ocean.^[11] Heating of the air over the land reduces the air's density, creating an area of low pressure. This produces a wind blowing toward the land, bringing moist near-surface air from over the ocean. Rainfall is caused by the moist ocean air being lifted upwards by mountains, surface heating, convergence at the surface, divergence aloft, or from storm-produced outflows at the surface. However the lifting occurs, the air cools due to expansion, which in turn produces condensation.

In winter, the land cools off quickly, but the ocean retains heat longer. The cold air over the land creates a high pressure area which produces a breeze from land to ocean.^[11] Monsoons are similar to sea and land breezes, a term usually referring to the localized, diurnal (daily) cycle of circulation near coastlines, but they are much larger in scale, stronger and seasonal.^[12]

[edit] Monsoon Systems

Monsoonal squall nears Darwin, Northern Territory

As monsoons have become better understood, the term monsoon has been broadened to include almost all of the phenomena associated with the annual weather cycle within the tropical and subtropical land regions of the earth.

Even more broadly, it is now understood that in the geological past, monsoon systems must have always accompanied the formation of supercontinents such as Pangaea, with their extreme continental climates.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Northeast Monsoon (Southern Asia and Australasia)

See also: Monsoon trough

In Southern Asia, the northeastern monsoons take place from December to early March. The temperature over central Asia is less than 25°C as it is the northern hemisphere winter, therefore creating a zone of high pressure there. The jet stream in this region splits into the southern subtropical jet and the polar jet. The subtropical flow directs northeasterly winds to blow across southern Asia, creating dry air streams which produce clear skies over India. Meanwhile, a low pressure system develops over South-East Asia and Australasia and winds are directed toward Australia known as a monsoon trough.

[edit] Northern Indian Ocean Monsoon

Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer monsoon.

[edit] South-West Summer Monsoon

The southwestern summer monsoons occur from June through September. The Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) and adjoining areas of the northern and central Indian subcontinent heats up considerably during the hot summers. This causes a low pressure area over the northern and central Indian subcontinent. To fill this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean rush in to the subcontinent. These winds, rich in moisture, are drawn towards the Himalayas, creating winds blowing storm clouds towards the subcontinent. However the Himalayas act like a high wall and do not allow the winds to pass into Central Asia, forcing them to rise. With the gain in altitude of the clouds, the temperature drops and precipitation occurs. Some areas of the subcontinent receive up to 10,000 mm of rain.

The southwest monsoon is generally expected to begin around the start of June and dies down by the end of September. The moisture-laden winds on reaching the southernmost point of the Indian peninsula, due to its topology, become divided into two parts:

• Arabian Sea Branch of the SW Monsoon


• Bay of Bengal Branch of the SW Monsoon

The Arabian Sea Branch of the SW Monsoon first hits the Western Ghats of the coastal state of Kerala, India and hence Kerala is the first state in India to receive rain from the South-West Monsoon. This branch of the monsoon moves northwards along the Western Ghats giving rain to the coastal areas west of the Western Ghats. It is to be noted that the eastern parts of the Western Ghats do not receive much rain from this monsoon as the wind does not cross the Western Ghats.

View of south-west monsoon rain in Kerala.

The Bay of Bengal Branch of SW Monsoon flows over the Bay of Bengal heading towards North-Eastern India and Bengal, picking up more moisture from the Bay of Bengal. Its hits the Eastern Himalaya and provides a huge amount of rain to the regions of North-East India, Bangladesh and West Bengal. Mawsynram, situated on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalaya in Shillong, India is one of the wettest places on Earth. After striking the Eastern Himalaya it turns towards the West, travels over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, at a rate of roughly 1–2 weeks per state^{[citation needed]}, pouring rain all along its way.

The monsoon accounts for 80 percent of the rainfall in the country^{[citation needed]}. Indian agriculture (which accounts for 25 percent of the GDP and employs 70 percent of the population) is heavily dependent on the rains, especially crops like cotton, rice, oilseeds and coarse grains. A delay of a few days in the arrival of the monsoon can, and does, badly affect the economy, as evidenced in the numerous droughts in India in the 90s.

The monsoon is widely welcomed and appreciated by city-dwellers as well, for it provides relief from the climax of summer heat in June.^[13] However, because of the lack of adequate infrastructure in place, most major cities are often adversely affected as well. The roads, already shoddy, take a battering each year; houses and streets at the bottom of slopes and beside rivers are waterlogged, slums are flooded, and the sewers and the rare hurricane drain start to back up and pour out toxic filth rather than drain it away. This translates into various minor casualties most of the time; lack of city infrastructure coupled with changing climate patterns also causes severe damage to and loss of property and life. Bangladesh and some regions of India like in Assam and places of West Bengal experiences heavy flood, which claims huge number of lives and huge loss of property and causes severe damage to economy, as evidenced in the Mumbai floods of 2005. Also in the recent past, areas in India that used to receive scanty rainfall throughout the year, like the Thar Desert, have surprisingly ended up receiving floods due to the prolonged monsoon season.

June 1 is regarded as the date of onset of the monsoon in India, which is the average date on which the monsoon strikes Kerala over the years for which scientific data is available with the Indian Meteoreological Department.

View of central Kolkata after a monsoon rain.

[edit] North-East Monsoon (Retreating Monsoon)

Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India. The Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat. This causes the cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsular. This is known as the North-East Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.

While traveling towards the Indian Ocean, the dry cold wind picks up some moisture from the Bay of Bengal and pours it over peninsular India. Cities like Chennai, which get less rain from the South-West Monsoon, receives rain from the Retreating Monsoon. About 50% - 60% of the rain received by the state of Tamil Nadu is from the North-East Monsoon^{[citation needed]}.

It is worth noting that North-East Monsoon (or the Retreating Monsoon) is not able to bring as much rain as the South-West Monsoon.

[edit] North American Monsoon

Main article: North American Monsoon

Arizona monsoon season clouds

The North American Monsoon (NAM) occurs from late June or early July into September, originating over Mexico and spreading into the southwest United States by mid-July. It affects Mexico along the Sierra Madre Occidental as well as Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, West Texas, and California. It pushes as far west as the Peninsular Ranges and Transverse Ranges of southern California, but rarely reaches the coastal strip (a wall of desert thunderstorms only a half-hour's drive away is a common summer sight from the sunny skies along the coast during the monsoon). The North American monsoon is known to many as the Summer, Southwest, Mexican or Arizona monsoon.^[14][15] It is also sometimes called the Desert Monsoon as a large part of the affected area are the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts.

[edit] African Monsoon

The monsoon of western sub-Saharan Africa is the result of the seasonal shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the great seasonal temperature and humidity differences between the Sahara and the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. It migrates northward from the equatorial Atlantic in February, reaches western Africa on June 22, then moves back to the south by October.^[16] The dry, northeasterly trade winds, and their more extreme form, the harmattan, are interrupted by the northern shift in the ITCZ and resultant southerly, rain-bearing winds during the summer. The semiarid Sahel and Sudan depend upon this pattern for most of their precipitationed area is desert.

[edit] European Monsoon

The European Monsoon (more correctly known as the Return of the Westerlies) is the result of by a resurgence of westerly winds from the Atlantic, where they become loaded with wind and rain.^[17] These Westerly winds are a common phenomenon during the European winter, but they ease as Spring approaches in late March and through April and May. Regular as clockwork, the winds suddenly pick up again in June, which is why this phenomenon is also referred to as "the return of the westerlies".^[18]

The rain usually arrives in two waves, at the beginning of June and again in mid to late June. The European monsoon is not a monsoon in the traditional sense in that it doesn't meet all the requirements to be classified as such. Instead the Return of the Westerlies is more regarded as a conveyor belt that delivers a series of low pressure centres to Western Europe where they create unseasonable weather. These storms generally feature significantly lower than average temperatures, fierce rain or hail, thunder and strong winds.^[19]

The Return of the Westerlies affects Europe's Northern Atlantic coastline, more precisely the British Isles, the Benelux, Western Germany, Northern France and parts of Scandinavia.

[edit] See also

• Climate of India


• Monsoon trough


• Monsoon Cup


• United States rainfall climatology

[edit] References

1. ^ American Meteorological Society Glossary of Meteorology. Monsoon. Retrieved on 2008-03-14.


2. ^ International Committee of the Third Workshop on Monsoons. The Global Monsoon System: Research and Forecast. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.


3. ^ OED online


4. ^ "Monsoon". Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053445/monsoon. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. 


5. ^ ROYDEN, L.H., BURCHFIEL, B.C., VAN DER HILST, Rob, WHIPPLE, K.X., HODGES, K.V., KING, R.W., and CHEN, Zhiliang. UPLIFT AND EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.


6. ^ P. D. Clift, M. K. Clark, and L. H. Royden. An Erosional Record of the Tibetan Plateau Uplift and Monsoon Strengthening in the Asian Marginal Seas. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.


7. ^ Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. Earth, Oceans, and Life. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.


8. ^ Anil K. Gupta and Ellen Thomas. Initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and strengthening of the northeast Indian monsoon: Ocean Drilling Program Site 758, eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.


9. ^ M. S. SRINIVASAN and D. K. SINHA. Ocean circulation in the tropical Indo-Pacific during early Pliocene (5.6-4.2 Ma) : Paleobiogeographic and isotopic evidence. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.


10. ^ Sinha,D.K., Singh,A.K. and Tiwari,M (2006). Palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic history of ODP site 763A (Exmouth Plateau), South-east Indian Ocean: 2.2 Ma record of planktic foraminifera. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 90, NO. 10, 25 May 2006


11. ^ ^{a b} Oracle Thinkquest Education Foundation. monsoons: causes of monsoons. Retrieved on 2008-05-22.


12. ^ BBC Weather. The Asian Monsoon. Retrieved on 2008-05-22.


13. ^ Official Web Site of District Sirsa, India. District Sirsa. Retrieved on 2008-12-27.


14. ^ Arizona State University Department of Geography. Basics of Arizona Monsoon. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.


15. ^ New Mexico Tech. Lecture 17: 1. North American Monsoon System. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.


16. ^ Innovations Report. Monsoon in West Africa: Classic continuity hides a dual-cycle rainfall regime. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.


17. ^ Visser, S.W. (1953). Some remarks on the European monsoon. Birkhäuser: Basel.


18. ^ The Guardian. The Question: What is the European monsoon? Retrieved on 2009-06-09.


19. ^ The Times. 'European Monsoon' to blame for cold and rainy start to June Retrieved on 2009-06-09.

• Initial text from the Goddard Space Flight Center's public domain Distributed Active Archive Center

[edit] External links

Wikinews has related news: Asian monsoon rains force millions to flee

• National Weather Service: The North American Monsoon


• North American Monsoon Experiment


• East Asian Monsoon Experiment


• Influence of monsoon winds


• Meet the Indian monsoons at PBS.org


• Arizona Central monsoon page


• Basics of the Arizona Monsoon


• AMMA - African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses


• Flooding of urban areas due to Monsoon showers, Phnom Penh-Cambodia > Video attachment

[hide] v • d • e Climate types under the Köppen climate classification Class A Equatorial (Af) · Monsoon (Am) · Savanna (Aw, As) Class B Desert (BWh, BWk) · Semi-arid (BSh, BSk) Class C Humid subtropical (Cfa, Cwa) · Oceanic (Cfb, Cwb, Cfc) · Mediterranean (Csa, Csb) Class D Humid continental (Dfa, Dwa, Dfb, Dwb) · Subarctic (Dfc, Dwc, Dfd, Dwd) · Continental Mediterranean (Dsa, Dsb, Dsc) Class E Polar (ET, EF) · Alpine (ET/H)

chain, the Himalaya.

The climate over much of Asia is dominated by seasonal winds that carry moist air over the Pacific Ocean into East Asia and over the Indian Ocean into South Asia. The East and South Asian monsoons are responsible for most of the rainfall in these regions. Although the time when these monsoon patterns were first established is unknown, many lines of evidence suggest that they first came about at least 24 million years ago. 

The new study uses geochemical data from an Ocean Drilling Project sediment core extracted from the seafloor of the South China Sea to establish a record of the East Asian monsoon climate over that time interval. 

"Sediments in this core were eroded from the drainage area of the Pearl River system in China, and their chemistry records the relative intensity through time of chemical weathering in an area that received the bulk of its precipitation from East Asian monsoon storms," explains Peter Clift, lead author of the study and a professor of geology and petroleum geology at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. 

Many researchers believe that a geologically "abrupt" uplift of the Tibetan Plateau – the largest high-altitude region on Earth, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) – at 8 to10 million years ago caused a major intensification in the monsoon climate.

"South China Sea data do not support that interpretation," says Kip Hodges, a co-author of the paper and director of the School of Earth and Space Exploration in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Arizona State University. "Other than a brief drop between about 17 and 15 million years ago, the pattern in the core suggests a steady increase in East Asian monsoon intensity from 23 to 10 million years ago, followed by a steady weakening until about 4 million years ago. After that, the intensity began to increase once more. The implication is that either the development of the plateau was not as abrupt as we might have thought, or that an abrupt uplift of the plateau at 8 to 10 million years caused a change in precipitation patterns that was not recorded in East Asia."

Another controversy surrounds the degree of coupling between the South and East Asian monsoons. Could one have varied in intensity differently from the other? 

The team compared the South China Sea record with less-complete sedimentary records from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal – which contain sediments that were eroded from the Himalaya, where the principal rainfall comes from South Asian monsoon storms – to argue for a linkage between the two monsoon systems over most of the past 23 million years. 

"The really exciting moment in this research came when we began to compare patterns from one record to another and found broad agreement," says Clift.

The most interesting correlation was found when the team compared the sedimentary records to cooling age patterns in the Himalaya. Hodges and his students have spent years using isotopic dating techniques to determine the cooling ages of thousands of bedrock and sediment samples from all over the Himalaya.

"Most people are familiar with the use of such techniques to determine the crystallization ages of minerals and rocks," says Hodges. "They also can be used to determine when a mineral cooled through a certain temperature. The principal mechanism by which samples cool in mountainous regions is erosion, so a high frequency of minerals with the same cooling age generally means a high rate of erosion at that time." 

Compilations of the cooling ages obtained by Hodges' group and other researchers show that the periods of high East Asian monsoon intensity matched well with high frequencies of cooling ages, implying a relationship between monsoon intensity and erosion in the Himalaya. 

"While it makes sense intuitively that heavy rainfall should be correlated with more aggressive erosion, it is important to see such direct evidence of the coupling between the processes that define the evolution of mountain ranges and climatic processes," Hodges explains. "It implies, once again, that Earth is a complex system, and we cannot begin to fully understand mountain building without appreciating the roles of the hydrosphere and atmosphere in the evolution of mountain ranges." 

But Hodges cautions that the results of this study are suggestive. 

"It is important to confirm our interpretations by generating a more comprehensive cooling age dataset from regions of the Himalaya that have not yet been studied because of logistical constraints or political instability." 

Adds Clift, "We really need more complete offshore sedimentary records from the Arabian Sea and Bengal Fan to make a solid case for linkages between the South and East Asian monsoon systems."
http://www.scientificblogging.com/news_releases/erosion_linked_monsoon_intensity_himalayas

Article: Monitoring the monsoon in the Himalayas: Observations in Central Nepal, June 2001

Article from:

Monthly Weather Review

Article date:

July 1, 2003

Author:

Barros, Ana P ; Lang, Timothy J

| Copyright informationCopyright American Meteorological Society Jul 2003. Provided by ProQuest LLC. (Hide copyright information)

 

ABSTRACT

The Monsoon Himalayan Precipitation Experiment (MOHPREX) occurred during June 2001 along the south slopes of the Himalayas in central Nepal. Radiosondes were launched around the clock from two sites, one in the Marsyandi River basin on the eastern footslopes of the Annapurna range, and one farther to the southwest near the border with India. The flights supported rainfall and other hydrometeorological observations (including surface winds) from the Marsyandi network that has been operated in this region since the spring of 1999. The thermodynamic profiles obtained from the soundings support the observed nocturnal maximum in rainfall during the monsoon, with total column moisture ...

Read all of this article with a FREE trial

 

 

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	Article: OVER THE HILL; After 28 hours lost on the Ochils, Carole is off...  Newspaper article from: Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland);  February 3, 2001 ; 466 words...A NOVICE walker is set to tackle the Himalayas - despite almost dying on one of Scotland...me even more determined to go to the Himalayas. I'm absolutely committed. Carol, of...stranded. She said: The man I'm going to the Himalayas with is a lot more experienced than Robert...
	Article: From the world's rooftop: exhibit highlights art from...  Newspaper article from: Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL);  April 4, 2003 ; Vitello, Barbara; 368 words...to the view from the top of the world. Himalayas: An Aesthetic Adventure, opening Saturday...majestic than the lofty peaks of the Himalayas. All over the earth, mountains are held...with more passionate fervor than the Himalayas. Thanks to Himalayas: An Aesthetic Adventure...
	Article: Joint scientific expedition heads for Himalayas  News wire article from: Xinhua News Agency;  October 16, 2006 ; 247 words... Joint scientific expedition heads for Himalayas LHASA, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- A research...Sunday for a month- long expedition in the Himalayas. There are 12 Chinese and seven foreign...India, Nepal and Bhutan in the team. The Himalayas extend through all four countries. The...
	Article: Expedition through Himalayas planned  Newspaper article from: China Daily;  September 16, 2006 ; Wu Chong; 383 words...joint scientific expedition through the Himalayas in the middle of next month, announced...India, Nepal and Bhutan, all of which the Himalayas extend through, to make a month-long...research into the southern bend of the Himalayas, said Zhang Wenjing, chief scientist...
	Article: Chinese scientists refute theory that Himalayas will continue to...  News wire article from: Xinhua News Agency;  October 19, 2006 ; 317 words... Chinese scientists refute theory that Himalayas will continue to grow LHASA, Oct. 19...Some Chinese scientists say no. The Himalayas may have reached their highest altitude...month-long scientific expedition to the Himalayas. Located on the southern rim of the Qinghai-Tib...
	Article: HIMALAYAS  Reference information from: Young Students Learning Library;  378 words...mountains in the world. They are called the Himalayas, from two Sanskrit words that mean...Karakoram range, a northwest extension of the Himalayas. This mountain was first climbed in 1954...courage against these mighty mountains. The Himalayas extend in a long, 1,500-mile (2,400-km...
	Article: Scientists say Himalayas may have already peaked  Newspaper article from: China Daily;  October 20, 2006 ; 299 words...Some Chinese scientists say no. The Himalayas may have reached their highest altitude...month-long scientific expedition to the Himalayas. Located on the southern rim of the Qinghai-Tib...Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as well as the Himalayas. "Friction between the tectonic plates...
	Article: `Surfing the Himalayas' into a swirl of controversy  Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe;  November 14, 1995 ; William A. Davis, Globe Staff; 700+ words...would have ever thought that "Surfing the Himalayas," a New Age novel that combines the unlikely...during a recent Boston visit. "Surfing the Himalayas" has a strange publishing history. And...interest. Warner Books decided "Surfing the Himalayas" had the potential to be another "The...
	Article: Religious art from Himalayas gathered for new exhibition  News wire article from: AP Worldstream;  May 2, 2003 ; F.N. D'ALESSIO, Associated Press Writer; 700+ words...CHICAGO The majesty and holiness of the Himalayas have enthralled art curator Pratapaditya...said Pal as he previewed his exhibition, Himalayas: An Aesthetic Adventure. Pal had harsh...Europeans he accuses of polluting the Himalayas for sport and adventure. For $50,000...
	Article: Characteristics of Monsoon Rainfall around the Himalayas Revealed...  Magazine article from: Monthly Weather Review;  January 1, 2005 ; Bhatt, B C; Nakamura, K; 700+ words...variability are investigated around the Himalayas using hourly, 0.05 0.05 grid, near-surface...inherent to TRMM PR measurements around the Himalayas could influence results, PR-observed...rain over the south-facing slopes of the Himalayas. The moderate to heavy conditional rain...
	Article: The complete guide to the Himalayas The people of the Himalayas...  Newspaper article from: The Independent - London;  February 12, 2000 ; Rhiannon Batten; 700+ words...Well, from one point of view, yes. The Himalayas stretch 1,900 miles from, roughly, the...momos. YOU'RE NOT BEING VERY SPECIFIC The Himalayas are not the easiest mountains to draw...Tibetan plateau. Politically, too, the Himalayas straddle sensitive boundaries, some of...
	Article: Himalayas has stopped growing: Chinese geologists.  News wire article from: PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd.;  November 21, 2006 ; 244 words... Himalayas has stopped growing: Chinese geologists Beijing, Nov...geologists have scotched the general belief that the Himalayas, especially its main peak, Mount Everest, is steadily...exploration in the region, media reports said here. The Himalayas was the result of the crash and extrusion of Indian ...
	Article: HIMALAYAS MAY BE GETTING LIFTED EVEN HIGHER.(News)  Newspaper article from: The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, OH);  August 21, 2003 ; 502 words...Howard News Service The rivers of the Himalayas may be eroding gorges deep enough that...around some of the highest peaks of the Himalayas. The mountains have risen up over the...feet the highest peak in the eastern Himalayas, and Nanga Parbat, the 26,000-foot peak...
	Article: '...Therefore I climb the Himalayas'.  News wire article from: PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd.;  September 22, 2006 ; 590 words... '...Therefore I climb the Himalayas' New Delhi, Sep 22 (PTI) Altitude...snow capped sylvan splendors of the Himalayas. She takes on every mountain for...The more arduous the climb in the Himalayas, the more beautiful it is, says the...

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CHINA and the MONSOON      The Monsoon Wind, blowing from Africa across the Indian Ocean and over the Himalayas brings water and sediment to China's coastal Plain.  The well-watered, fertile soil has produced enough food to feed a large population for thousands of years.		Free Maps and Educational Software:   China Provinces Map Puzzle   A Brief History and Geography of China   MegaMaps: Print Free Maps Printable U.S. States Maps   Online Atlas   Online Interactive Maps   Europe Online Map Puzzle   More Maps   More Free Educational Software United States Map Puzzle
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The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau      Forty-five million years ago the Indian subcontinent, once a part of the supercontinent of Gondwanaland-- which had started to break up 167 million years ago-- collided with the continent of Asia.  The forces moving the Indian continental plate continued pushing it under Asia.  The land above was raised up to create the enormous Himalayan mountains - the tallest in the world- and the Tibetan Plateau - the largest area of high altitude land in the world.  The Tibetan Plateau has an area of almost 1 million square miles (2.5 million square kilometers),  with an average elevation of 14,700 feet (4,500 meters) in height. The Monsoon Winds      Most winds blow in the same direction even if they only blow for part of the year.  The Monsoon wind blows in opposite directions at different times of the year.  As the Northern hemisphere warms in spring and summer the Monsoon wind changes directions and instead of blowing towards Africa it blows from Africa across the Indian Ocean, India and over the Himalayan Mountains into China and across the Tibetan Plateau.  The monsoon reaches India in June and blows through September.  The summer monsoon is a warm wind from the tropics.  As it crosses the Indian Ocean it picks up vast amounts of water from the evaporation of water warmed by the sun. Rainfall as the Monsoon crosses the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau      As the monsoon wind comes to the  Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau, of course it has to rise to get over them.  As winds rise over mountains, especially warm, moist winds, the water they contain condenses out as rain.  This is called orographic lifting precipitation.  But if you are on parts of the Tibetan Plateau underneath the warm, wet monsoon rising over the tallest mountains and the highest terrain in the world you don’t care what it is called - you just get very wet.  Some places under the Monsoon get up to 10,000 millimeters - 400 inches - of rain a year.  One inch of rain is a pretty strong rain.  400 inches is like a heavy rain every day of the year, except this falls in only four months.      As the air of the monsoon descends north of the Tibetan Plateau, the opposite happens.  The air is compressed as air pressure increases, relative humidity falls and you get hot, dry winds.  The same winds that drench the mountains and parts of the plateau dry the Gobi and the Takla Makan deserts.  Takla Makan translates roughly to “go in and you won’t come out.” The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau      The two largest rivers of China, the Yangtze and the Yellow (Huang He) Rivers also flow from the Tibetan Plateau across the coastal plain of China to the Sea.  Every year the rivers rise as they bring to the coastal plains some of the enormous amount of water that fell as rain from the Monsoon over a thousand miles away.  In some years the rivers rise over their banks and flood; sometimes these floods are huge.  The rivers bring more than water.  The Tibetan plateau is still rising and thus is still being eroded away by these rains.  The rivers are notably muddy (the Yellow River is named for its color) - full of sediment.  Much of the fertile Coastal Plain of China was built up by the sediment deposits from the floods of these rivers.      The climate of the coastal plains is fairly sunny.   Sun, water and rich soil are what is needed to grow food - lots of food.  The rich soils with ample water due to the monsoon rains have allowed China to produce large crops and, over thousands of years to build up a very large population with a long, continuous history.
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Travel in monsoon Delhi-Nainital/Kausani? - Team-BHP

9 posts - 6 authors - Last post: 18 Sep 2007

I am planning to travel from Delhi to Nainital and from there to Kausani in the 2nd/3rd week of August. I have 2 questions. 1.
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Monsoon packages for Nainital, Nainital Monsoon packages, Nainital ...

IndiaHotelandResort offers online booking of Monsoon packages for Nainital, Nainital Monsoon packages, Nainital holiday, Hotels Nainital Uttaranchal, ...
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NAINITAL TOURISM : PICTURE GALLERY --- MONSOON IN NAINITAL

yatching, boating, sailing rowing, lake, Tourist information about Nainital, nainital covered in snow, Tour Operators in Nainital, cheap Hotels &Himalayas ...
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NAINITAL TOURISM: INTRODUCTION OF NAINITAL

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Early Monsoon rains thrill tourists in Nainital

1 post - Last post: 19 Jun 2008

By Vipul Goel Nainital, June 19 (ANI): Nainital in Uttarakhand has always been a major attraction for tourists around the year.
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Climate of Nainital « Here you are

18 Aug 2008 ... During the monsoon season, Nainital receives heavy rains and therefore, the climate is humid. However, the areas that are close to Nainital ...
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Though the monsoon season in between from end of June to August should be avoided. Nainital - Where to Stay. Accommodation is easily available in Nainital. ...
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During the monsoon period, Nainital's weather has a temperature fluctuation from 28 degrees centigrade (maximum) to 7 degrees centigrade (minimum).
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	54 sec - 22 Aug 2008 - NAINITAL TOURISM - THE LAKE DISTRICT OF INDIAThe Lake District of India ' Nainital' is in the State of Uttaranchal, India, Nainital occupies a ... www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgumqxqbL-A -

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Activities of BAPS - Relief Work - 1979-Floods of Morbi, Gujarat ...

It is written down in history as 'the worst flood disaster of the century in India.' The floods that hit Gujarat in August 1979 left thousands of people and ...
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VARIATIONS OF MONSOON RAINFALL IN FLOOD YEARS OVER INDIA DURING ...

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Ramaswamy, C. 1987: Meteorological aspects of severe floods in India 1923-1979. Met Monograph,. Hydrology, No 10, I.M.D. publication 1-400. ...
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Meteorological aspects of severe floods in India, 1923-1979 ...

Meteorological aspects of severe floods in India, 1923-1979 Meteorological monograph. Hydrology: C Ramaswamy: Amazon.co.uk: Books.
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Floods / Morvi, India -- Aug 12, 1979 -- ABC -- Vanderbilt ...

ABC Evening News for. Sunday, Aug 12, 1979. Headline: Floods / Morvi, India. Abstract: (Studio) Flooding of Morvi after a dam collapsed reported. ...
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Floods - Google Books Result

by Dennis J. Parker - 2000 - Juvenile Nonfiction - 431 pages
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BAPS Charities | Services | Disaster Relief 1970-1989 | 1979 ...

... Relief - Disaster relief-1970-1989 - Disaster Relief-1979 floods of Morbi. ... Collection of Medicines, clothes and funds began in India, England, ...
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Floods in Bihar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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No nuke secrets with missing Kaiga scientist: officials

Economic Times - ‎3 hours ago‎

KAIGA: Lokanath Mahalingam, the senior scientific officer of the state-run Kaiga atomic power plant in coastal Karnataka who is missing since Monday, had no access to sensitive documents or nuclear secrets, top officials said on Friday.

I will find out details of missing scientist: Chidambaram Times of India

No clues about missing scientist of Kaiga N-plant Hindu

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PM to visit Russia for SCO, BRIC summits

Times of India - ‎1 hour ago‎

12 Jun 2009, 2029 hrs IST, PTI NEW DELHI: In his first trip abroad in the second term, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will travel to Russia next week to attend Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Brazil-Russia-India-China (BRIC) Summits whose ...

'PM will meet, shake hands with Zardari' Indian Express

Manmohan, Zardari to meet in Russia, break ice IBNLive.com

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BBC News

India wants Kashmir troops move

BBC News - ‎5 hours ago‎

The Indian government wants to withdraw troops from the inhabited areas of Indian-administered Kashmir, the home minister has said.

Chidambaram favours larger role for J&K police Hindu

India vows to pull back Kashmir force Financial Times

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BBC News

Indian Maoists kill more police

BBC News - ‎1 hour ago‎

Maoist rebels in the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand have killed 10 policemen and injured four people in their latest attacks, police say.

Maoists kill 9 policemen in Jharkhand Economic Times

10 policemen killed in twin attack by Maoists Press Trust of India

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Fresh News

Amarnath yatra to start from June 15

Hindu - ‎56 minutes ago‎

Srinagar (PTI): The annual Amarnath yatra will begin on June 15 but will remain restricted to Baltal route for the time being till the traditional Pahalgam route is cleared of snow and other hurdles.

Permission fee to run shops along Amarnath yatra route reduced Indopia

Governor conducts final assessment of both the Amarnath tracks News Agency of Kashmir

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BBC News

Attacks 'not racial, just opportunistic'

The Australian - ‎1 hour ago‎

YOUNG Indian students have been systematically targeted for muggings and petty crime by gangs of Middle Eastern youths not because of their race but for their personal belongings and proclivity for travelling alone at night.

ANALYSIS - Australia's overseas students face rip-offs, fraud Reuters India

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Nhatky.in

Achuthanandan remains defiant, defends stand in graft case

Hindu - ‎56 minutes ago‎

Thiruvananthapuram (PTI) Unfazed by attacks from within the CPI(M) for not toeing the party line, Chief Minister VS Achuthanandan on Friday said that as head of the government he could not oppose Governor RS Gavai's sanction to the CBI to prosecute ...

RSP's urgent state secretariat meet tomorrow Kerala Online

Comradeship crumbles as CPM faces tumult Economic Times

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Jaswant Singh questions BJP leadership

Express Buzz - ‎5 hours ago‎

NEW DELHI: After the defeat at the hustings, the BJP leadership is vertically divided over the issue of fixing responsibility and rewarding leaders with plum posts.

Rajnath holds meeting with Advani over Jaswant Singh issue Press Trust of India

No action against Jaswant: BJP HardNews Magazine

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Army calls off search for boy's body

Hindu - ‎56 minutes ago‎

Bangalore (PTI) The Army on Friday called off its four-day search operations for the body of six-year-old Abhishek who was drowned in an open drain about two-weeks ago in the city as the exercise failed to yeild results.

Army calls off search for boy's body Times of India

Army gives up search for body of drowned Bangalore boy SamayLive

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Straits Times

Chinese media attacks India over reports on troop deployment on border

Times of India - ‎1 hour ago‎

BEIJING: China's official media has reacted sharply to reports that India was deploying more troops along the border with China with one of them saying the move will "lead to a rivalry between the two countries".

China cautions India on troop build-up near border Hindu

Sino-Indian trade may turn crisis into opportunities Financial Express

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SINDH TODAY

Modi comes to Delhi

HardNews Magazine - ‎4 hours ago‎

It was Narendra Modi minus the rhetoric when he visited Delhi on Friday. He preferred to keep mum on the latest allegation by Jaswant Singh and the BJP's defeat in the general elections by the media.

Gujarat starts online helpline for students in Australia Gujarat Global.com

Modi for zero tolerance towards terrorism Business Standard

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The Week

Woman pushed from Charminar succumbs to injuries

Times of India - ‎1 hour ago‎

12 Jun 2009, 2003 hrs IST, PTI HYDERABAD: The young woman, who was allegedly pushed from the top of Charminar here by her boyfriend yesterday, died in a government hospital on Friday.

Charminar tiff & shove Calcutta Telegraph

Girl pushed from Charminar by 'boyfriend' dies Thaindian.com

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Centre not releasing money spent on NH repair: Nitish

Hindu - ‎7 hours ago‎

Patna (PTI): Slamming Manmohan Singh-led government at the Centre for allegedly not releasing funds spent on maintenance of National Highways in Bihar, Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has said that the state government would continue to exert pressure on ...

Nitish attacks UPA for blocking flood relief fund JaiBihar

Nitish opens 140 bridges in Bihar on a single day Times of India

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SINDH TODAY

Raghuvanshi is Maharashtra's new ATS chief

Times of India - ‎17 hours ago‎

MUMBAI: Hours after the Bombay high court passed stringent strictures against the Congress-led Democratic Front government, the state got a new chief for its Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS).

Severe flak from HC, ATS gets new chief Gunaah

Maharashtra ATS gets new chief Hindu

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Voice of America

ILO: global meltdown may aggravate child labour

Hindu - ‎Jun 10, 2009‎

NEW DELHI: The global financial crisis could push an increasing number of children, particularly girls, into child labour, according to a new report issued by the International Labour Office.

Video: Former child labourers in India - 12 Jun 09 Al Jazeera

Financial crisis could lead to increase in child labour: ILO Economic Times

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Northern Voices Online

Three drug consignments intercepted at port

Times of India - ‎19 hours ago‎

CHENNAI: The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) intercepted three consignments of spurious drugs that were recently imported from China through the Chennai port in violation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.

India to lodge protest with China over fake drugs Hindu

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Indian Express

As rail minister, Mamata fine with land acquisition

Times of India - ‎18 hours ago‎

NEW DELHI: Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee, whose revival as a major political force in West Bengal was based on her fight against the state government's acquistion of land for industry, seems ready to relax her stand on the land acquisition ...

Lalu's free train ride for former ministers set to be cancelled Indian Express

More amenities for railway passengers Hindu

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Orissadiary.com

All departments get higher allocations

Express Buzz - ‎10 hours ago‎

BHUBANESWAR: In view of the deteriorating law and order situation in the State, the allocation for the Home Department has increased to Rs 1627.09 crore in 2009-10 budget, presented by Finance Minister Prafulla Chandra Ghadei in the Assembly today.

Orissa finance minister presents revenue deficit balanced budget Economic Times

Prafulla presents Annual State Budget The Statesman

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Indian Express

TC supporters gherao Khejuri police station

Hindu - ‎9 hours ago‎

Nandigram (WB) (PTI): Trinamool Congress supporters on Friday gheraoed Khejuri police station near here demanding release of their activists held on the charge of ransacking CPI-M party offices in East Midnapore district even as police seized fresh ...

Two CPM offices burnt in Khejuri Times of India

Karat flies into blunder chorus Calcutta Telegraph

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BBC News

Investigation into AN-32 plane crash begins

Hindu - ‎3 hours ago‎

Shillong (PTI) The Indian Air Force started investigations into the AN-32 transport aircraft crash in Arunachal Pradesh that killed 13 defence personnel onboard, including seven IAF and six army personnel.

Engine failure led to Arunachal AN-32 crash Times of India

IAF plane crash: No survivors, local reports of explosion in air Indian Express

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India's forex reserves decline by $1.089bn

Times of India - ‎1 hour ago‎

12 Jun 2009, 2058 hrs IST, PTI MUMBAI: India's forex reserves declined by $1.089 billion to $261.317 billion for the week ended June 5 as compared to $262.306 billion in the previous week.

Forex reserves dip $1.1 bn Economic Times

India's FX reserves at $261.217 bln as on June 5 Reuters India

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Fresh News

Nifty closes below 4600; downturn feared

Economic Times - ‎1 hour ago‎

MUMBAI: Bears emerged winner in the tug-of-war and pushing indices to close in the negative terrain Friday. Market, which looked worn out since beginning of the week, gave into selling pressure as profit booking set in at higher levels.

Higher industrial output no help, Sensex down 173 points Sify

Sensex ignores strong IIP numbers Press Trust of India

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India's exports seen down 2.2 pct in FY10 - UN report

Reuters India - ‎2 hours ago‎

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India's exports are expected to decline 2.2 percent in the fiscal year ending March 2010, rendering 1.3 million workers jobless, as the global slump trims demand for Indian goods, the United Nations said in a report on Friday.

1.3 mn job losses likely in 2009-10: UNCTAD Times of India

Falling exports will cost India 1.3 million jobs in 2009-10: UNCTAD domain-B

MSN India - fnbnews.com

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SINDH TODAY

Don't take 'India advantage' for granted: Azim Premji

Economic Times - ‎17 minutes ago‎

BANGALORE: Wipro chairman Azim Premji Friday cautioned the IT industry against taking the "India advantage" for granted as countries like the Philippines were fast catching up in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector.

Premji sees emergence of two-party system in India Hindu

Premji says competition is catching up with India Business Standard

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BOM:507685 – BOM:500672 – NSE:WIPRO

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Business Standard

India shares drop 1.1pct, but post 14th weekly rise

Reuters - ‎5 hours ago‎

* Longest run of weekly gain in four years * Resistance emerges after over 90 pct jump since early March * Surprise factory output rise signals end to rate cuts * L&T, State Bank fall; Reliance, Sesa Goa buck trend * Outlook solid; eyes on budget in ...

Vedanta to up its stake in Sesa Goa to 55% Business Standard

Vedanta raises US$ 1.25 bn (Rs 6000 crore) through convertible ... Orissadiary.com

Indopia - Economic Times - Hindu Business Line

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हिंदी में

BOM:500295 – LON:VED – BOM:500325

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SREI Infra plans to raise 40 bln rupees in FY10 - CMD

Reuters India - ‎4 hours ago‎

KOLKATA (Reuters) - SREI Infrastructure Finance Ltd is planning to raise 40 billion rupees in 2009/10 to fund growth, a top official said on Friday.

Srei Infra Q4 net dips 38% Hindu Business Line

Srei Infra posts net fall 38% at Rs 82 cr Business Standard

Central Chronicle - Indopia - Myiris.com

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BOM:523756

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domain-B

Nokia launches phones for farmers

Business Standard - ‎27 minutes ago‎

PTI / Mumbai June 12, 2009, 18:55 IST Leading mobile phone maker Nokia has launched cellphones, which will help farmers get instant information on farm prices in 'mandis'.

Nokia Launches Life Tools, Commodity Prices From 291 Local Markets ... Reuters India

Nokia Commercially Launches 'Life Tools' Services In India MocoNews

Trading Markets (press release) - domain-B - Unwired View

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AMS:NOKA – OTC:CMTX

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Fibre2fashion.com

Textile industry to grow at 7-8%: Maran

Economic Times - ‎2 hours ago‎

12 Jun 2009, 2000 hrs IST, PTI NEW DELHI: The textile industry will regain lost ground to grow at 7-8 percent in the current fiscal, Textiles Minister Dayanidhi Maran said here on Friday.

Textile min says to seek tax cuts for sector Reuters India

Textile Ministry considering fiscal relief for exporters Hindu

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Siliconindia.com

SEBI frames new norms for relisting by Cos

Hindu Business Line - ‎3 hours ago‎

MUMBAI: Companies cannot relist themselves on the bourses for up to ten years after their delisting, instead of two years as was the case earlier.

Sebi makes it tough for cos to delist Economic Times

Sebi amends delisting trigger norms Business Standard

Indian Express - Calcutta Telegraph - Myiris.com - domain-B

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Indian Express

Rupee ends flat at 47.61/62 a dollar

Times of India - ‎1 hour ago‎

12 Jun 2009, 2014 hrs IST, PTI MUMBAI: After resuming firm, the rupee on Friday shed early gains and ended barely flat at 47.61/62 against the dollar in line with weaknesses in equity markets amid some dollar demand.

REFILE-India rupee off highs on stocks dip; outlook bright Reuters India

Rupee depreciates 1.08% vs USD for week ended June 12 Myiris.com

Bloomberg - Business Standard - RTT News - RantRave | Published Opinion.

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Indian Express

Satyam puts over 7K on virtual bench

Times of India - ‎11 hours ago‎

HYDERABAD: Satyam Board has announced that to address the issue of excess employees, it is launching a Virtual Pool Programme (VPP), a one-time programme, effective June 2009, to address staff costs while retaining talent within the company.

Satyam won't sack, to pool 10000 staff Economic Times

Slashed pay, 'virtual' job for over 7000 Satyam staff Sify

Business Standard - Hindu Business Line - Calcutta Telegraph

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हिंदी में

BOM:500376 – NSE:TECHM – NSE:TECHM.BL

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Calcutta Telegraph

Opposition likely to delay GST rollout

Economic Times - ‎16 hours ago‎

NEW DELHI: In a huge setback to the indirect tax reforms proposed by the government, key BJP-ruled states such as Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat have expressed reservation against finance minister Pranab Mukherjee's call for introduction of a ...

West Bengal FM backs Centre on GST rollout by April 1, 2010 Times of India

Centre seeks to involve States in pre-budget exercise Hindu

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Nhatky.in

Experts rule out rate cuts as industrial output improves

Moneycontrol.com - ‎5 hours ago‎

The index of industrial production (IIP) numbers for the month of April that came out on Friday showed that the Indian economy may have well turned around the corner.

IIP in coming months will see substantial improvement: CARE India Infoline.com

Industry grows by 1.4 pc in April Press Trust of India

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Indian Hotels to buy 85% stake in Elel Hotels

Moneycontrol.com - ‎1 hour ago‎

Indian Hotels has said it will buy 85% stake in Elel Hotels for Rs 680 crore and would look to eventually get full control of the latter, report CNBC-TV18.

Indian Hotels to acquire Sea Rock hotel India Infoline.com

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BOM:500850 – NSE:INDHOTEL.RL

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Hindu Business Line

Mentha futures recover on short-covering

Hindu Business Line - ‎5 hours ago‎

NEW DELHI: Mentha oil futures recovered by 0.60 per cent in early trade on the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) on Friday on the back of short-covering by speculators.

MCXAGRI ends flat Myiris.com

MCX told to penalise brokers for not collecting margin money Economic Times

Business Standard - Hindu - Hindu Business Line - Hindu Business Line

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Hindu Business Line

India soybean ends up on monsoon lull; soyoil eases

Reuters India - ‎3 hours ago‎

MUMBAI, June 12 (Reuters) - Indian soybean futures ended up on Friday bolstered by a spike in spot demand and a lull in monsoon progress, which may affect soybean sowing, analysts said.

Monsoon...rainfall 37% below average till June 10 India Infoline.com

Monsoon delayed, may reach city by June 20 Times of India

Economic Times - Reuters India - Reuters India

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News Roundup: Govt Considers Duty Exemption For STB Imports; PVR ...

Reuters India - ‎6 hours ago‎

By Sruthijith KK - contentSutra.com The government is considering amendments to the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867, to make the process of registering titles for newspapers and periodicals smoother and facilitate foreign publications that ...

Soni wants broadcast sector to get infrastructure tag Times of India

I&B ministry wants zero duty regime on DTH boxes for 5 yrs Business Standard

Indian Express - SamayLive

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NSE:PVR.RL – NSE:PVR.BL – NSE:PVR

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Fresh News

Tata Tea rejigs beverage business

Hindu - ‎20 hours ago‎

MUMBAI: The Tata Tea group has announced a strategic reorganisation of its beverage businesses to focus on becoming a global leader in the fast growing $160 billion 'good for you' beverage market.

Tata Tea set to take on global beverage makers Economic Times

Tata Tea to integrate its beverages brands Hindu Business Line

Calcutta Telegraph - Business Standard - Livemint

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हिंदी में

BOM:500800 – KO – PEP

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After Mohan's exit, Subbarao to handle monetary policy Dept

Business Standard - ‎6 hours ago‎

PTI / Mumbai June 12, 2009, 15:11 IST With two Deputy Governor posts falling vacant, the Reserve Bank has reallocated portfolios and Governor D Subbarao would handle the monetary policy department directly.

Subbarao may take over Rakesh Mohan's portfolios Economic Times

India 5-yr swaps at 7-mo highs on global cues, debt Reuters India

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Iran's historic city divided over vote AFP - ‎29 minutes ago‎ ISFAHAN, Iran (AFP) - The historic city of Isfahan, which voted overwhelmingly for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iranian president in 2005, was divided at polling stations on Friday with some voters openly demanding change. Video: Iranian Presidential Election - Bloomberg Bloomberg Iran vote extended with turnout massive The Associated Press BBC News - Telegraph.co.uk - Hindu  - Wikipedia: Iranian presidential election, 2009 all 4,629 news articles » Email this story ABC News News Analysis Will Sanctions Ever Work on North Korea? New York Times - ‎17 minutes ago‎ By MARTIN FACKLER and CHOE SANG-HUN SEOUL, South Korea - North Korean threats and weapons tests followed by American-led sanctions and short-lived deals have become an all-too-familiar pattern in the world's response to Pyongyang's nuclear program. Video: In-Depth Look - All Eyes on North Korea - Bloomberg Bloomberg UN imposes tough new sanctions on NKorea The Associated Press AFP - Telegraph.co.uk - Reuters - Reuters UK all 2,730 news articles » Email this story Straits Times House approves tough tobacco bill BBC News - ‎7 minutes ago‎ The US House of Representatives has backed a bill introducing tough new curbs on the tobacco industry. The House passed the bill by 307-97, a day after it was overwhelmingly approved by the Senate. Obama: Tobacco bill 'defines change' in Washington The Associated Press Sweeping tobacco regulatory bill goes to Obama guardian.co.uk CNN International - Wall Street Journal - MiamiHerald.com  - Wikipedia: Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act all 2,854 news articles » Email this story Telegraph.co.uk Gates: Civilian casualties defeat for US, NATO in Afghanistan Xinhua - ‎1 hour ago‎ BRUSSELS, June 12 (Xinhua) -- US Defense Secretary Robert Gates said Friday that civilian casualties in Afghanistan must be reduced as every casualty is a defeat for NATO and the US troops fighting in the country. New US commander in Afghanistan 'wants more British troops' Telegraph.co.uk US plans push for 'information war' in Afghanistan AFP Voice of America - Hindu - The Associated Press - Ynetnews all 1,302 news articles » Email this story Sky News Rockefeller impostor found guilty BBC News - ‎29 minutes ago‎ A German who passed himself off as a descendant of oil tycoon John D Rockefeller has been found guilty of kidnapping his seven-year-old daughter. Video: Raw Video: 'Rockefeller' Convicted of Kidnapping The Associated Press 'Clark Rockefeller' found guilty of kidnapping daughter Times Online The Associated Press - The Press Association - Boston Globe - CNN all 1,916 news articles » Email this story Times Online DC Holocaust museum reopens after fatal shooting The Associated Press - ‎16 minutes ago‎ WASHINGTON (AP) - Hundreds of visitors streamed into the US Holocaust Memorial Museum as it opened Friday for the first time since a security guard was shot to death by a man authorities identified as a rifle-toting 88-year-old white supremacist. Video: Museum to Reopen After Tribute to Fallen Officer The Associated Press Guards Who Shot Back at Von Brunn Identified Washington Post Reuters - Melbourne Herald Sun - Telegraph.co.uk  - Wikipedia: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting all 8,658 news articles » Email this story Voice of America Anti-Taliban cleric among 15 killed, 100 hurt in Pak bombings Press Trust of India - ‎1 hour ago‎ Lahore/Islamabad, June 12 (PTI) A prominent anti-Taliban cleric and 10 others were killed and nearly 100 injured when suicide bombers struck at the compound of a religious group in Lahore and a mosque in Nowshera in Pakistan today. Video: Internal conflict rages on in Pakistan - 12 Jun 09 Al Jazeera Blast kills cleric who denounced suicide attacks CNN International BBC News - New York Times - euronews - Times Online all 452 news articles » हिंदी में Email this story CTV.ca '39 militants, 10 soldiers killed in Pak. military operations' Hindu - ‎56 minutes ago‎ Islamabad (PTI) As troops stepped up attacks on the Taliban, the Pakistani Army said 39 militants and 10 soldiers were killed in raging battle in the troubled northwestern Malakand division, where the insurgents attacked the house of a regional ... Video: Beating Video May Turn Tide Against Taliban The Associated Press Q+A-What next in Pakistan's battle with militants? Reuters AFP - Xinhua - Voice of America - The Associated Press all 1,396 news articles » हिंदी में Email this story ABC News 3 more bodies found from lost Air France jetliner The Associated Press - ‎3 hours ago‎ RECIFE, Brazil (AP) - A Brazilian ship recovered three more bodies from the Atlantic as searchers said weather and currents complicated their job and warned it is unlikely that all the dead from Air France Flight 447 will be found. Video: Air France 447 Victim Search to End Next Week The Associated Press Flight 447 mystery likely to cast shadow over Paris Air Show CNN International BBC News - AFP - Bloomberg  - Wikipedia: Air France Flight 447 all 9,719 news articles » Email this story Spiegel Online UN climate chief confident of global warming pact The Associated Press - ‎26 minutes ago‎ BONN, Germany (AP) - UN climate delegates completed their first rough sketch of a new global warming agreement Friday, a draft replete with gaps and competing ideas that await decisions by political leaders. Gossip and mistrust replace progress at Bonn as campaigners fear ... guardian.co.uk ANALYSIS-UN talks seek links in food, climate crises Reuters New York Times - Times of India - Canada.com - Reuters India all 780 news articles » Email this story BBC News Lankan troops recover over 1.5 million landmines in North Hindu - ‎4 hours ago‎ Colombo (PTI) Sri Lankan troops have so far recovered over 1.5 million landmines from the region captured from the LTTE and have expedited the process of demining the areas to facilitate the early resettlement of displaced civilians in the northern ... Sri Lanka camps a 'national disgrace' AFP Amnesty says Sri Lanka fails to probe war abuses The Associated Press The Press Association - Times of India - Reuters India - Hindu all 939 news articles » Email this story Times Online Husband charged with bin murder BBC News - ‎23 minutes ago‎ The husband of a woman whose body was found in a wheelie bin in Surrey has been charged with her murder. Unemployed chef Peter Wallner, 33, has also been charged with preventing the lawful and decent burial of Melanie Wallner's body. Video: Woman's body found in wheelie bin outside Surrey house ITN NEWS Husband charged over murder of body-in-bin wife Reuters UK Independent - Times Online - Telegraph.co.uk - Get Surrey all 562 news articles » Email this story Telegraph.co.uk Court Postpones Trial of Aung San Suu Kyi Voice of America - ‎5 hours ago‎ By VOA News The trial of Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi has been adjourned until June 26. The court ordered the two-week postponement during a brief hearing Friday at the notorious Insein prison near the main city of Rangoon. Op-Ed Contributor Free Aung San Suu Kyi New York Times Suu Kyi trial clouds Myanmar cyclone aid effort Reuters Aljazeera.net - AFP - The Associated Press - Hindu all 909 news articles » Email this story Los Angeles Times Chinese Muslims trigger public backlash in Palau The Associated Press - ‎4 hours ago‎ KOROR, Palau (AP) - The tiny Pacific nation of Palau's decision to allow 13 Chinese Muslims from the Guantanamo Bay prison camp to resettle there has sparked anger among islanders who fear for the safety of the tranquil tourist haven. Video: Uighurs face new island home - 10 Jun 09 Al Jazeera 6 Detainees Are Freed as Questions Linger New York Times AFP - Los Angeles Times - BBC News - Times Online all 2,593 news articles » Email this story Times Online In Perspective: Obama is right, it's time for honesty Jerusalem Post - ‎3 hours ago‎ By DANIEL GORDIS In the days leading up to his landmark speech in Cairo, US President Barack Obama said it was time for "honesty" between the United States and Israel. Israel says completes its fuel pipeline for Gaza Reuters Understanding The Settlements, Ctd Atlantic Online Los Angeles Times - Ynetnews - Jerusalem Post - Jerusalem Post all 1,664 news articles » Email this story Chicago Tribune UN vows to stay in NW Pakistan despite deadly attack Reuters India - ‎Jun 11, 2009‎ By Nita Bhalla NEW DELHI - The United Nations has no plans to suspend or reduce its activities in Pakistan despite Tuesday's bomb attack that killed nine people, including two foreign UN staff, in the northern city of Peshawar, UN agencies say. New bomb blast hits Pakistan city BBC News Suicide attack kills one, injures 14 in Pakistan's Peshawar Times of India Daily Times - AFP - Xinhua  - Wikipedia: Pearl Continental hotel bombing all 2,455 news articles » हिंदी में Email this story Times Online Libya earmarks 11.8 bln to draw foreign investment guardian.co.uk - ‎2 hours ago‎ By Daniel Flynn and Francesca Piscioneri ROME, June 12 (Reuters) - Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, promising Italy priority access to an 11.8 billion euro plan to attract foreign investment, said on Friday his oil-rich nation could act as a gateway for ... Video: Raw Video: Gadhafi Visits Italy for 1st Time The Associated Press Kadhafi vows Italian business takes priority AFP Reuters India - The Australian - The Associated Press  - Wikipedia: Muammar al-Gaddafi all 1,072 news articles » Email this story guardian.co.uk Obama Takes His Health Care Case to the Public New York Times - ‎13 hours ago‎ President Obama discussing his plan to overhaul health care on Thursday in a gymnasium at Southwest High in Green Bay, Wis. By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG and ROBERT PEAR GREEN BAY, Wis. Video: Obama Confronts Critics on Health Care Overhaul The Associated Press Obama confronts critics on health care overhaul The Associated Press Voice of America - Bizjournals.com - FOXNews - CBS News all 2,119 news articles » Email this story Times Online Kercher accused 'under pressure' BBC News - ‎5 hours ago‎ The woman accused of British student Meredith Kercher's murder has told her Italian trial she felt "under pressure" from police to name a suspect. Quotes from testimony of US student The Associated Press Amanda Knox tells murder trial: 'I was beaten by police after ... Telegraph.co.uk guardian.co.uk - The Sun - AKI - Adnkronos International - This is London all 1,050 news articles » Email this story BBC News Britain's former PM Thatcher breaks arm in fall Reuters India - ‎2 hours ago‎ LONDON (Reuters) - Former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher was taken to hospital on Friday after breaking her arm in a fall at her London home, her spokesman said. Lady Thatcher treated after fall BBC News Britain's Thatcher breaks arm in new health scare AFP guardian.co.uk - Times Online - Telegraph.co.uk - The Press Association all 398 news articles » Email this story