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Race begins next week for $12 bn Indi...








UBS to name 5,000 accounts under US deal: Report.marks India's Independence Day.Indian markets growing beyond Ambanis: Newsweek

 
India faces drought but economists upbeat.Race begins for $12 bn India warjet deal. India releases $122 mn for Gorshkov modification







Khan not singled out because of his name: US


 

Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams, Chapter 334

 

Palash Biswas

 

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































World Wide Military Expenditures

CountryMilitary expenditures - dollar figure Budget Period
World$1100 billion 2004 est. [see Note 4]
Rest-of-World [all but USA]$500 billion 2004 est. [see Note 4]
United States$623 billion FY08 budget [see Note 6]
China$65.0 billion 2004 [see Note 1]
Russia$50.0 billion [see Note 5]
France$45.0 billion 2005
United Kingdom$42.8 billion 2005 est.
Japan$41.75 billion 2007
Germany$35.1 billion 2003
Italy$28.2 billion 2003
South Korea $21.1 billion 2003 est.
India$19.0 billion 2005 est.
Saudi Arabia$18.0 billion 2005 est.
Australia$16.9 billion 2006
Turkey$12.2 billion 2003
Brazil$9.9 billion 2005 est.
Spain$9.9 billion 2003
Canada$9.8 billion 2003
Israel$9.4 billion FY06 [see Note 7]
Netherlands$9.4 billion 2004
Taiwan$7.9 billion2005 est.
Mexico$6.1 billion 2005 est.
Greece$5.9 billion 2004
Singapore$5.6 billion 2005
Sweden$5.5 billion 2005 est.
North Korea $5.0 billion FY02
Iran$4.3 billion 2003 est.
Pakistan$4.3 billion 2005 est.
Belgium$4.0 billion 2003
Norway$4.0 billion 2003
Chile$3.9 billion 2005 est.
Colombia$3.5 billion 2005
Poland$3.5 billion 2002
Portugal$3.5 billion 2003
South Africa$3.5 billion 2005 est.
Denmark$3.3 billion 2003
Vietnam$3.2 billion 2005
Algeria$3.0 billion 2005 est.
Kuwait$3.0 billion 2005 est. [see Note 2]
United Arab Emirates$2.7 billion 2005
Egypt$2.5 billion 2005
Malaysia$2.5 billion 2005
Switzerland$2.5 billion 2005 est.
Morocco$2.3 billion 2005 est.
Czech Republic$2.2 billion 2004
Qatar$2.2 billion 2005
Thailand$2.0 billion 2005
Angola$2.0 billion 2005 est.
Finland$1.8 billion FY98/99
Argentina $1.8 billion 2005
Venezuela$1.6 billion 2005 est.
Austria$1.5 billion FY01/02
Romania$1.5 billion 2005
Jordan$1.4 billion 2005 est.
Indonesia$1.3 billion 2004
Iraq$1.3 billion 2005 est.
Hungary$1.1 billion 2002 est.
New Zealand$1.1 billion 2005 est.
Bangladesh$1.0 billion 2005 est.
Yemen$992 million 2005 est.
Syria$858 million N/A [see Note 3]
Philippines$837 million 2005 est.
Peru$829 million 2005 est.
Nigeria$738 million 2005 est.
Ireland$700 million FY00/01
Cuba$694 million 2005 est.
Serbia and Montenegro$654 million 2002
Ecuador$650 million 2005 est.
Bahrain$628 million 2005 est.
Croatia$620 million 2004
Ukraine$618 million FY02
Sri Lanka$606 million 2003 est
Libya$590 million 2005
Sudan$587 million 2004
Lebanon$541 million 2004
Tunisia$440 million 2005
Belarus$421 million 2006
Slovakia$406 million 2002
Uruguay$371 million 2005 est.
Slovenia$370 million 2005 est.
Bulgaria$356 million FY02
Madagascar$329 million 2005 est.
Botswana$326 million 2005 est.
Azerbaijan$310 million 2005
Ethiopia$296 million 2005 est.
Brunei$291 million 2003 est.
Kenya$281 million 2005 est.
Cyprus$280 million 2005
Gabon$254 million 2005 est.
Oman$253 million 2005 est.
Cote d'Ivoire$247 million 2005 est.
Bosnia and Herzegovina$234 million FY02
Luxembourg$232 million 2003
Lithuania$231 million FY01
Cameroon$230 million 2005 est.
Kazakhstan$222 million FY02
Eritrea$220 million 2005 est.
Uganda$193 million 2005 est.
New Caledonia$192 million FY96
Dominican Republic$191 million 2005
Turkmenistan$173 million 2005
Guatemala$170 million 2005 est.
El Salvador$162 million 2005 est.
Estonia$155 million 2002 est.
Equatorial Guinea$152 million 2005 est.
Panama$150 million 2005 est.
Namibia$150 million 2005 est.
Armenia$136 million 2005
Bolivia$130 million 2005 est.
Macedonia, FYR$130 million 2005
Zimbabwe$125 million 2005 est.
Afghanistan$122 million 2005 est.
Zambia$122 million 2005 est.
Guinea$120 million 2005 est.
Senegal$117 million 2005 est.
Nepal$105 million 2005 est.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the$104 million 2005 est.
Benin$101 million 2005 est.
Latvia$87 million FY01
Congo, Republic of the$85 million 2005 est.
Ghana$84 million 2005 est.
Costa Rica$83 million 2005 est.
Mozambique$78 million 2005 est.
Burkina Faso$75 million 2005 est.
Cambodia$74 million 2005
Chad$69 million 2005 est.
Liberia$67 million 2005 est.
Trinidad and Tobago$67 million 2003
Albania$57 million FY02
Uzbekistan$55 million 2005
Rwanda$54 million 2005 est.
Honduras$53 million 2005 est.
Paraguay$53 million 2003 est.
Mali$50 million FY01
Maldives$45 million 2005 est.
Malta$45 million 2005 est.
Niger$45 million 2005 est.
Burundi$44 million 2005 est.
Swaziland$42 million FY01
Lesotho$41 million 2005 est.
Burma$39 million FY97
Fiji$36 million 2004
Tajikistan$35 million FY01
Bahamas, The$32 million 2005
Nicaragua$32 million 2005 est.
Jamaica$31 million 2003 est.
Togo$30 million 2005 est.
Djibouti$29 million 2005 est.
Haiti$26 million 2003 est.
Georgia$23 million FY00
Mongolia$23 million FY02
Somalia$22 million 2005 est.
Tanzania$21 million 2005 est.
Belize$19 million 2005 est.
Kyrgyzstan$19 million FY01
Mauritania$19 million 2005 est.
Guyana$17 million 2005
Papua New Guinea$17 million 2003
Central African Republic$16 million 2005 est.
Malawi$16 million 2005 est.
Seychelles$15 million 2005 est.
Sierra Leone$14 million 2005 est.
Comoros$13 million 2005 est.
Mauritius$12 million 2005 est.
Laos$11 million 2005 est.
Guinea-Bissau$9.5 million 2005 est.
Moldova$8.7 million 2004
Bhutan$8.3 million 2005 est.
Suriname$7.5 million 2003 est.
Cape Verde$7.2 million 2005 est.
East Timor$4.4 million FY03
Bermuda$4.0 million2001
Gambia, The$1.6 million 2005 est.
San Marino$700,000 FY00/01
Sao Tome and Principe$580,0002005 est.
Iceland0
Antigua and Barbuda$NA N/A
Barbados$NA N/A
Dominica$NA N/A
Falkland Islands [Islas Malvinas] $NA N/A
Faroe Islands$NA N/A
French Guiana$NA N/A
Gaza Strip$NA N/A
Grenada$NA N/A
Kiribati$NA N/A
Marshall Islands$NA N/A
Nauru$NA N/A
Palau$NA N/A
Saint Kitts and Nevis$NA N/A
Saint Lucia$NA N/A
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines$NA N/A
Samoa$NA N/A
Solomon Islands$NA N/A
Tonga$NA N/A
Tuvalu$NA N/A
Vanuatu$NA N/A
West Bank$NA N/A
Western Sahara$NA N/A
SOURCE [unless otherwise noted]: Field Listing - Military expenditures CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- The Military expenditures dollar figure entry gives current military expenditures in US dollars; the figure is calculated by multiplying the estimated defense spending in percentage terms by the gross domestic product (GDP) calculated on an exchange rate basis not purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Dollar figures for military expenditures should be treated with caution because of different price patterns and accounting methods among nations, as well as wide variations in the strength of their currencies. Field Listing - Military Expenditures CIA - The World Factbook 2006 World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT) The 28th edition of "World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers" (WMEAT), released on February 6, 2003, is the second published by the Department of State following integration with the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the previous publisher. The report covers the years 1989 through 1999 -- that is, the end of the Cold War and its aftermath. SIPRI data on military expenditure IISS - The Military Balance 2006
Note 1 - The officially announced figure is $24.6 billion, but actual defense spending more likely ranges from $45 billion to $85 billion for 2004
Note 2 - Kuwait has changed its fiscal year; the above figure is for be April-March 2005.
Note 3 - based on CIA Factbook data that may understate actual spending
Note 4 - Non-US aggregate real expenditure on military worldwide in 2007 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about half a trillion dollars. US spending increased from about $280 billion to about $625 billion.
Note 5 - CIA & SIPRI provide no estimates
Note 6 - The FY2008 budget requests $481.4 billion in discretionary authority for the Department of Defense base budget, an 11.3 percent increase over the projected enacted level for fiscal 2007, for real growth of 8.6 percent; and $141.7 billion to continue the fight in the Global War on Terror (GWOT)

The fiscal year (FY) 2004 Department of Defense (DoD) budget request was $379.9 billion in discretionary budget authority -- $15.3 billion above FY 2003. The fiscal 2004 National Defense Authorization Act, passed by Congress 07 November 2003, authorizes DoD to spend $401.3 billion. The fiscal 2004 Defense Appropriations Act, which actually provides the money, became law 30 September 2003.

On April 16, 2003 President Bush signed the FY2003 $79 billion wartime supplemental to cover the needs directly arising from Operation Iraqi Freedom and the reconstruction of Iraq. The Defense Department received $62.6 billion as a result of the emergency supplemental bill.

On Nov. 6, 2003 President Bush signed the FY2004 $87.5 billion supplemental appropriations bill for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The bill provides $64.7 billion for military operations in Iraq, in Afghanistan and elsewhere, including about $51 billion is for Operation Iraqi Freedom, and $10 billion for Operation Enduring Freedom. The remaining $22.8 billion in non-DOD monies will cover costs with Operation Noble Eagle and support for allies in the war on terror.
Note 7 - 2006, $7.2 B national budget + $2.2B US assistance



 


Discuss this article in our


 

 

Race begins for $12 bn India warjet deal !India releases $122 mn for Gorshkov modification!


 

Defence Expanditures Explode as Tax Net captures the Salaried Masses! Everything tagged with Govt., Railway, POST, Oil, Steel, Coal or Public services have to be listed for SELL OFF open as DISINVESTMENT Drive gets MOMENTUM EXTRA Constitutional.

 


India commits to major defence budget increase


By Fenella McGerty and Rahul Bedi


19 February 2009


 


Indian defence spending will rise by more than a third to INR1,417 billion (USD32.7 billion) in Fiscal Year 2009, according to the interim budget presented by acting finance minister Pranab Mukherjee on 16 February.

This figure represents a 34.2 per cent increase from the proposed 2008 budget of INR1,057 billion and a 23.6 per cent increase from the revised 2008 defence spending estimate of INR1,146 billion.

The allocation is nearly 15 per cent of the government's total interim budget of INR9,532.31 billion for the fiscal year beginning on 1 April.

The interim budget is to finance expenditure ahead of the general election scheduled for May 2009.

Of the INR1,417 billion defence budget, planned expenditure has risen 18 per cent for 2009/10 from INR736 billion to INR868.79 billion. This includes INR548.24 billion for capital expenditure as against INR410 billion in the revised estimates for 2008-09.

However, defence officials said the 34 per cent rise would be "neutralised" by delays in decision-making by the Ministry of Defence and military officials in confirming equipment acquisitions and modernisation programmes.



 


Indian naval head warns of Chinese military challenge


 12 August 2009

By Rahul Bedi


India's naval chief has said that his country cannot hope to rival China when it comes to military strength, while warning that China will become a "primary challenge" for India in the future.


Admiral Sureesh Mehta, who is also chairman of India's Chiefs of Staff Committee, said at a 10 August function organised by the National Maritime Foundation in New Delhi: "In military terms, both conventional and non-conventional, we neither have the capability nor the intention to match China, force for force."


Adm Mehta's comments came shortly after the 13th round of negotiations aimed at settling the disputed India-China border concluded in New Delhi on 8 August, with little progress having been made. The navy chief said there was a serious "trust deficit" between Beijing and New Delhi on the issue.


"Coping with China will be one of our primary challenges in the years ahead," Adm Mehta declared, cautioning that Beijing's territorial claims would become more assertive as its military capabilities continue to develop.


He added that while India could not catch up with China militarily, it should aim to level the playing field as much as possible.


 

Indian markets growing beyond Ambanis: Newsweek

 











Tax Code proposes to plug loopholes in tax evasion

Currently, the penalty is up to thrice the value of the tax liability. The code proposes to impose penalty on those who willfully under-report tax base.




Draft code may make individuals pay more tax

If code proposals are approved, India will join the club of countries which have peak personal tax rates higher than corporate tax rate. Fact sheet on proposed tax code




New code to give I-T dept more say in foreign deals

Foreign firms buying Indian cos argue that Indian tax authorities have no standing over deals outside India between two overseas parties. Fact sheet on proposed tax code




Direct taxes code: An idea whose time has come

The new direct taxes code is a great idea. Time has come to embrace, adapt and run with the code.




Govt looks to implement new I-T law from 2011

The new tax code makes radical changes in all areas of taxation, aiming to improve its efficiency and expand the tax base.




Direct taxes code, a paradigm shift

The new code will mean lots of changes for businesses and introduction of exempt exempt taxed (EET) scheme for individuals.




Direct Tax Code: Save at work pay at retirement

The direct tax code is a bit of a mixed bag for individuals, particularly the salaried class. Ten smart ways to lower your tax bill | Mistakes while filing I-T returns




New tax code: Easy on your pocket

Check out how new tax code would impact individuals.




Tax liability and you

An individual with taxable gross income of Rs 10 lakh will pay tax of Rs 84,000 as opposed to about Rs 2.11 lakh he pays this fiscal year.




Fact sheet on the proposed new direct tax code

The following are some salient features pertaining to the new Direct Tax Code proposed by govt, for which a draft and a discussion paper were released by FM




Measure and impact of proposed tax slabs

Check out how tax measures would impact personal incomes, companies and investors.




Sectors enjoying tax holidays to take a hit

The code attempts at a somewhat new way of approaching corporate taxation, the biggest impact being on sectors which till now were enjoying tax holidays.




Good intentions have to be backed by implementation

The most heartwarming feature of the code is the personal tax rates. The code is a great leap for our generation but as always, all good intentions have to be backed by even better implementation.




Cherry-picking will distort tax structure

The plethora of exemptions in new Income tax code, such as those for developers of special economic zones or hill states, distort the tax structure and are a drag on the exchequer.




New Direct Tax Code mostly profitable for India Inc

The Direct Tax Code proposes a substantial reduction in the rates of tax on corporate income, near-removal of the difference in the tax treatment of domestic and foreign companies and a shift in the base of MAT.










 

 In a sharp contrast to the popular notion of Reliance group deciding the course of action for Indian markets, there has been "surprisingly




little collateral damage so far" from the "the bitter and very public" ongoing corporate battle between the billionaire Ambani brothers, according to a senior investment banker.

"When two elephants fight, the grass suffers. So goes the African saying, and a few years ago it would have been true of the Indian market," Morgan Stanley Investment Management's Emerging Markets Head Ruchir Sharma has written in an article.

"But the bitter and very public corporate battle between the billionaire Ambani brothers, who control the Reliance Group of companies, has produced surprisingly little collateral damage so far," wrote Sharma.

"For a long time, the popular notion was that as the Reliance Group went, so went the Indian stock market. Now investors can ignore the family feud because the market is so much bigger.
















Also Read
 → Govt shouldn't have waited for so long on Ambani row: Naik
 → Gas row: Petroleum Ministry misleading PMO, says Anil Ambani
 → Ambani gas pact flouts Government authority: Oil Ministry
 → Ambani MoU has mother's views on gas
 → Ambani row won't affect NELP auction: Centre


"At the start of this decade, Reliance was one of five Indian companies with a market value of more than $5 billion. Currently there are 40 such companies, the total value of the market is more than $1 trillion, and the Reliance Group accounts for less than 10 per cent of the total," the report added.

"The reduced focus on the Reliance Group is part of a broader trend, in which the obsession with the top of the pyramid is shifting to a growing interest in the bulging middle. In 2006 and 2007 -- the heyday of the growth boom -- all eyes were on the wealth of India's richest few," Sharma noted.

According to the article, the media started keeping tap on the number of Indians making it to the Forbes list of billionaires, as the stock market surged and at the end of 2007, there were 10 Indians in the top-100 --- trailing only the Americans and Russians in number.

The ongoing feud between the two brothers, over supply of gas from elder Mukesh-led RIL's Krishna-Godavari fields to younger Anil-led group firm RNRL, has been under focus for many months now and the battle has now reached the Supreme Court of India.

There were four Indians among the world's 10 richest in 2008, including the two Ambani brothers, before it fell down to two this year after a sharp meltdown in the stock market. There were a total of 53 Indians among the world's billionaires in 2008, but it fell to 24 in 2009.

Mukesh Ambani was ranked as the world's seventh richest in the Forbes list, published in March this year, with a net worth of 19.5 billion dollar, while Anil was ranked 34th with 10.1 billion dollar.

 








Khan not singled out because of his name: US


     The United States on Sunday denied the allegations that Bollywood superstar Shah Rukh Khan was detained and questioned for two hours at





Shah Rukh Khan

Shah Rukh Khan
the Newark airport or that the actor was singled out because of his name or Asian identity.

The allegations "happen to be incorrect," the spokesman of the US Customs and Border Protection here Elmer Camacho said.

The spokesman said Khan was inspected because his baggage had not arrived.

"His documents and papers were checked, which were found to be in correct order," Camacho said.

After a "normal" check at the airport, Khan was taken to a different room where he was waiting for his turn since many other people were already there. The entire process ended in one hour, the spokesman said.














Also Read
 → My name is Khan? Too bad. SRK feels the heat of American paranoia
 → I feel humiliated, says an angry Shah Rukh Khan
 → 'King Khan' says he is fine after Newark airport search
 → SRK detained at US airport for being a Khan


The entire process, he said, was handled in a "professional manner" and there was no evidence of Khan being pointed out because of his name or Asian identity.

To a question on Khan's contention that he was asked by immigration officials about his work in the US, the spokesman said "it's our policy not to discuss all specific (details) of any traveller". However, when any travller enters the US, he or she is subjected to inspection, he added.

 

Do not feel like stepping on American soil any more: Shahrukh Khan



ATLANTIC CITY/CHICAGO: After his "ordeal" at at the hands of immigration officials at the Newark airport, Bollywood superstar Shahrukh Khan has


said he does not feel like stepping on American soil any more but ruled out seeking an apology for the incident which was denied by US officials.

Driving straight to the venue of a function at the luxury Trump Taj Mahal hotel in Atlantic City in tattered jeans, a white T-shirt, a brownish coat and a muffler since his baggage was yet to arrive, Khan told the audience that "I was treated shabbily just because I happened to have Khan as my last name."

Profusely apologising to his fans for arriving two hours late at the casino city of New Jersey for yesterday's function, 'King' Khan stunned the large number of Indian-Americans when he told them that he does not feel like stepping on the American soil any more, but it is the love and affection of millions of his fans in the US which would bring him to this country again and again.

Sharing his "ordeal" which he underwent as he landed at the Newark International Liberty Airport on a British Airways flight, with his fans, the 43-year-old actor said he was grilled by immigration officials.

"It was very unprofessional of the airport security staff of not allowing me to use my cell phone to contact my local organisers," he told the audience, who were literally taken aback by what they heard from their superstar.

A visibly shattered Khan said that "I have travelled throughout the world for my shooting and also as brand ambassador for all major products but I have never been treated like this before."






"At times I do not feel like stepping on American soil any more but I have millions of fans here who would want to see me so I will keep coming," 'King' Khan told his fans.

Later in Chicago, where he had gone to take part in the South Asian Carnival on the occasion of India's Independence Day, Khan told PTI that "I think it is a procedure that needs to be followed. But it is an unfortunate procedure."

Asked whether he would seek an apology for the incident, the actor replied in the negative.

Soon after the incident which sparked angry reactions back home, the actor had yesterday said he was detained and questioned at Newark airport by US immigration officials after his name matched with some of those on a common checklist. He was let off at the intervention of Indian Consulate officials.

Khan had termed the incident as "uncalled for", saying that "I did feel bad. I felt angry. I am glad my family wasn't there. God knows what they would have done to them."

"I was really hassled at the American Airport because of my name being Khan," the actor, who figured in the American Newsweek magazine's list of 50 most powerful people, had said.

 

 India releases $122 mn for Gorshkov modification! Crops are shrivelling as India faces the spectre of drought but economists say they are still upbeat about the country's economic



prospects. They are banking that a strong industrial performance will help offset the impact of the worst monsoon in years in Asia's third largest economy.

 

India would start fighter jet trials as the world's six top aerospace giants vie for a $12 billion military contract, an official said last week.The trials for what would  be the world's most lucrative fighter contract in more than a decade will begin in Bangalore, India's space research and aeronautical industry hub. The assessment is due to continue for almost a year before New Delhi makes its choice from the six companies, the official said.

 


Reuter reports from Geneva:

 

The deal initialled last week between the United States and Switzerland over UBS will involve the disclosure of around 5,000 holders of



secret Swiss accounts, weekly newspaper NZZ am Sonntag said on Sunday.

Another Swiss weekly, Sonntag, said around 4,500 names would be handed over.

The landmark deal, ending a dispute in which the U.S. tax authorities had sued UBS to disclose 52,000 U.S. clients suspected of tax evasion, dispels a big cloud hanging over the world's second biggest wealth manager.

It also formally leaves Switzerland's cherished banking secrecy intact, although many Swiss private bankers say it has been badly damaged.

NZZ am Sonntag, citing its own researches and reports in the U.S. press, said the deal would be based on the existing U.S.-Swiss double taxation agreement of 1996, and therefore not require any changes to Swiss law.

As a result, the Swiss cabinet will be able to implement the deal directly, without going through parliament, it said.

UBS will also escape having to pay a fine, it said.

The deal will probably be signed this week, a source familiar with the situation told Reuters on Friday.


HIDDEN LIMITS

NZZ am Sonntag said the names of those to be disclosed would be those suspected of committing tax fraud under the terms of the double taxation agreement, which obliges Switzerland to provide help if Washington seeks it in a criminal investigation.

Accounts below a certain size would not be reported, but this limit would be kept confidential so that account-holders could never be sure whether they were vulnerable, it said.

However, account-holders threatened with disclosure would be able to challenge the move in the Swiss courts, it said.

NZZ am Sonntag said the U.S. government had backed off from the original demands of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) because the U.S. Treasury Secretary did not want to provoke another financial crisis by pushing UBS over the edge.

Under a previous agreement, UBS settled criminal charges that it had facilitated tax fraud by paying $780 million and handing over data on about 250 U.S. clients.

U.S. prosecutors said on Friday that a California client of UBS would plead guilty to criminal charges arising from an investigation into tax evasion at UBS, the fourth prosecution arising from that deal.

Criminal charges arising from that case, and the disclosure of further names from the latest deal are keeping pressure on suspected offenders to report themselves voluntarily under an amnesty programme running to Sept. 23.

Sonntag said that the total amount of fines likely to be paid by account-holders disclosed in last week's deal would be around 4 billion Swiss francs ($3.74 billion).

But it said a British lawyer was already trying to drum up support for a class action by UBS customers who feel they have been betrayed by the bank.

It quoted Konrad Hummler, partner in Swiss private bank Wegelin, as saying that Swiss banks would suffer from any further disclosure of customer data by UBS, even if in purely formal terms that did not breach Swiss law or banking secrecy.

"Everyone is talking about success -- the IRS, the Swiss government, UBS. But that can't possibly be the case," he said.

"Although we still don't know any of the details, we can guess some things: the customer has been made a fool of -- he was promised something which retroactively no longer applies," he said.



Last week news posted like this:



 

Boeing will be the first to take part when it displays its F-18 "Superhornet," the official said, adding that a team of US-based aviation experts would be present in the southern city for the trials. Lockheed Martin of the US and Europe's EADS will be among the other five firms descending on Bangalore.

The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the precise date for the start of trials will depend on weather conditions. India is on a spending spree to update its largely Soviet-era weapons system and is looking at buying 126 fighter jets.

After Boeing, Lockheed Martin is next in line to showcase its F-16 to the technology-hungry Indian airforce, the official said. The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) will offer its Typhoon Eurofighter, while Russia is seeking to sell the MiG-35 and MiG-29.

French Dassault, which constructs the Mirage, has put forward its Rafale aircraft as a contender. In April, India said it would not buy the Rafale because it was too expensive. But within weeks New Delhi without elaborating said the French firm had re-joined the race.

The line-up is completed by Gripen, part of Sweden's Saab. Industry sources have said Lockheed Martin and Boeing have emerged as front-runners.


 Meanwhile,  India's Consul General in New York presided over NASDAQ's closing bell ceremony as the stock exchange's electronic board displayed the






Indian tricolour at Times Square, to mark India's 63rd Independence Day.

In recognition of India's emergence as a global economic power, the world's largest stock exchange invited India's Consul General Prabhu Dayal to ring the closing bell at the NASDAQ headquarters in mid-town Manhattan.

Terming it as a "very important occasion," Dayal noted that his presence at NASDAQ on the eve of Independence Day emphasised the strong partnership between India and the US.

The Consul General rang the closing bell yesterday at NASDAQ, which lists seven Indian companies with combined market capitalisation of USD 35 billion.

Pointing at a strong Indo-US partnership, he drew attention to the recent successful visit of the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and the upcoming State visit of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to Washington.

He said as the largest source of foreign direct and portfolio
investments, US was an indispensable partner of India, whose huge markets also offer enormous opportunities for US investors.

Outside the exchange, in the heart of Times Square, an electronic board displayed the Indian flag with the caption "NASDAQ welcomes Ambassador Prabhu Dayal, Consul General of India in New York."

 

India has cleared an installment of $122 mn to Russia to ensure that the modification work on aircraft carrier Gorshkov, also known as






Vikramaditya, continues till a settlement on the final price is reached.

The payment was sanctioned earlier this month by the government following demands by Rosoboronexport, the sole Russian agency designated for importing or exporting defence equipment, according to India Strategic defence magazine.

India had paid around $600 million initially after an agreement between the two countries in 2004, according to which the old aircraft carrier was gifted as free but India was to pay $974 million to modify and upgrade it in accordance with Indian Navy's specifications.

In 2007, however, the Russians said they had made a mistake in their calculations to repair and modify Gorshkov, and demanded another $1.2 billion. Recently, they have added still another $700 million saying that modifications, and then sea trials, would be more expensive than as considered by them earlier.

The total demand by the Russians now touches $2.9 billion, instead of $974 million, or, approximately one billion as originally contracted.

The delivery of the aircraft carrier has also been pushed from 2008 to 2012-13, although repair work on it is continuing without break at the Sevmash shipyard in northern Russia on its Arctic coast.

The Russian government had extended $250 million to the shipyard in 2008, and now the installment of $122 million being paid by India is also to ensure that there is no break in the repair work, India Strategic quoted sources as saying.

Indian naval officials have been stationed at Sevmash for the past several years to monitor the day-to-day activity and to ensure that the repair and modifications are in line with the Naval Staff Qualitative Requirements (NSQRs), the dispute over the additional monetary demands notwithstanding.

India has naturally been reluctant to meet the post-contract Russian demands, and even the Comptroller General of India (CGI) has described the deal as a mess. But the Navy needs Gorshkov as early as possible as its only existing aircraft carrier, Viraat, is on life extension and undergoing a refit to serve for another few years.

It takes nearly 8 to 10 years to acquire an aircraft carrier. Procedures within the Indian bureaucratic system require two to three years, and then a company which is ordered to build it, should take another 5 to 8 years.

Although the Indian Navy is already building one of its two aircraft carriers in design consultancy with Italy's Fincantieri, it has no choice but to go in for Gorshkov in line with its sanctioned three-carrier planning. Ideally though, a country the size of India with 7,500 km of coastline should have at least five aircraft carriers.

A Russian defence delegation was in New Delhi in July but it refused to negotiate lower than its demand for $2.9 billion.

Discussions though will continue.

The government's Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is reported to have asked the Ministry of Defence to continue the negotiations but has not acceded to the two revised Russian demands.

It may be noted that the Gorshkov deal also involves a related $740 million contract for 16 Mig 29K aircraft. That deal is going smoothly and the first four of these aircraft are likely to arrive at INS Hansa, the Indian Navy training facility in Goa, by year-end.

Ten pilots, initially trained by the US Navy for carrier landing at its Naval Air Station, Pensacola training facility, are now in Russia training on the Mig 29Ks.

Four of these Mig 29Ks are twin-seaters for training and the remaining 12 for routine operational flying.

The Navy will continue to operate the Mig 29Ks from its ground stations as all 16 of them are likely to be in India before the arrival of Gorshkov.

 


India's defence expenditure during 2009-10 remains unchanged from Rs.141, 703 crore ($28 billion) allocated in the interim budget earlier this year. The interim figures see a hike of 34 percent over the previous year.


Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, while presenting the budget in the Lok Sabha, had good news for soldiers and Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs), saying their pensions would be enhanced. 

However, the officer cadre, which had led the One-Rank-One-Pay (OROP) demand, has been ignored.

In presenting the interim budget on Feb 16, Mukherjee had justified the 34 percent hike by saying the security "threshold has been crossed" with the Mumbai terror attacks.


"We are going through tough times," Mukherjee had said at the time, adding: "The Mumbai terror attacks have given an entirely new dimension to cross-border terrorism. A threshold has been crossed. Our security environment has deteriorated considerably."


Of the allocation for the fiscal that began April 1, planned expenditure for defence has been pegged at Rs.86, 879 crore against Rs.73, 600 crore for the financial year ended March 31.


This includes Rs.54, 824 crore for capital expenditure as against Rs.41, 000 crore in the revised estimates for 2008-09.


In real terms, however, the budgetary hike works out to little over 23 percent as the revised expenditure for 2008-09 has been placed at Rs.114,600 crore against the allocation of Rs.91,681 crore.


As in past years, the 1.1 million strong Indian Army has received the major share of 41 percent or Rs.58, 648 crore, with the Indian Air Force Rs.14, 318 crore the Indian Navy being allocated Rs.8, 322 crore.


The army's allocation is alone larger than the Rs.54, 824 crore that has been set aside for capital expenditure for all three services of the Indian Defence put together.


However, in the case of capital expenditure, the bulk of this - almost Rs.20, 000 crore has been set aside for the Air Force, against Rs.17,767.95 crore for the Army and Rs.11,873.73 crore for the Navy. This is understandable as the Indian Air Force is currently going through a massive modernization programme.


What remains to be seen is how much of this will actually be spent by the time the fiscal ends March 31, 2010, as the armed forces returned Rs.7,000 crore leftover of the Rs.48,007 allocated for capital expenditure for 2008-09.


For the Army, the budgetary hike - minus the allocation for capital expenditure - works out to a little less than Rs.10,000 crore over the revised estimates of Rs.48,195 crore. The original allocation for the army in the 2008-09 proposals was Rs.36, 270 crore.


For the Navy, the hike is a mere Rs.288 crore over the revised estimates of Rs.8, 034 crore for the fiscal just ending but a rise of Rs.901 crore over the original allocation.


For the Air Force, the hike works out to Rs.1, 109 crore over the revised estimates Rs.12, 199 crore for the closing fiscal against an original allocation of Rs.10, 855 crore.


Of its allocation, the army will spend a staggering Rs.36, 081 crore or 64 percent on pay and allowances. The navy has set aside Rs.2, 850 crore or 34 percent on this count and the Air Force Rs.4, 880 crore or 34 percent.


Taken together, the three services will see Rs.43, 811 crore or nearly 54 percent going toward pay and allowances.


The budget has also allocated Rs.21,790 crore for pensions, Rs.4,757 for the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Rs.832 crore for defence ordnance factories.


Curiously enough, while the Finance Minister said that the enhanced pensions would annually cost the government Rs.2, 100 crore, there was no mention of this in the budget documents.


"The decision will benefit more than 12 lakh jawans (soldiers) and JCOs. Certain benefits being extended to war wounded and other disabled pensioners are also being liberalised," Mukherjee said.

Stating that the country owed a deep debt of gratitude to "our valiant ex-servicemen", the minister said the committee headed by the cabinet secretary on OROP had submitted its report and the committee's recommendations have been accepted.


"On the basis of these recommendations, the government has decided to substantially improve the pension of pre-1.1.2006 defence pensioners below officer rank (PBOR) and bring pre-10.10.1997 pensioners on par with post 10.10.1997 pensioners. Both these decisions will be implemented from 1st July 2009, resulting in enhanced pension for more than 12 lakh jawans and JCOs.


These measures will cost the exchequer more than Rs.2, 100 crore annually. Certain pension benefits being extended to war wounded and other disabled pensioners are also being liberalised," Mukherjee added.
 


 


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http://www.businessmonitor.com/defence/pakistan.html


 










TITLE: Defence Outlays in South Asia


AUTHOR: Tanvir Ahmad Khan


 PUB: DAWN


DATE: March 10, 2001


 



India has raised its defence budget substantially for the seventh successive year. The estimates for 2001-2002 stand at Rs. 620,000 million, an increase of 13.8% over last year's revised estimates of Rs. 544,610 million. Last year's defence outlay had posted an unprecedented 28.3% increase. In current rupees, the latest defence budget is more than thirteen times what India spent on its defence in 1981-82. The steep rise in India's defence expenditure during this period offered a sharp contrast to the noticeable decrease in defence expenditure in most areas of the world. Between 1987 and 1997, global defence expenditure came down from $1,360 billion to $714 billion. A recent CIA study noted that non-U.S. defence spending dropped 50% since the 1980s and the global arms market decreased by the same percentage in the same period.


Despite considerable expansion and consolidation of its indigenous defence production in the 1980s and 1990s, India has continued to purchase heavily from abroad. Its plans for a rapid induction of sophisticated imports into its armed forces, including Mig-29 and Sukhoi SU-30 series of combat aircraft, T-90 tanks, missiles and missile launchers, Type 877 EKM 'Kilo' submarines, the recent orders for acquisition of more assets from Russia that would give its navy a serious blue water, ocean-going capability and the huge fund allocations to ordnance factories in successive budgets suggest a relentless drive towards force modernization within the shortest period of time.


Even if India is not contemplating an aggressive war against any of its neighbours, it is certainly relying heavily on a quick widening of the already large gap between its conventional superiority and that of other regional powers (other than China from which it is comfortably separated by the Himalayas ) to establish regional supremacy and use military power as a currency of international influence and prestige. Indeed, the CIA report (Global Trends 2015) observes that by 2015 "India will be the unrivalled regional power with a large military - including naval and nuclear capabilities - and a dynamic growing economy." The report also notes that "the widening India-Pakistan gap - destabilizing in its own right - will be accompanied by deep political, economic and social disparities within both states."


India's ambitious defence spending coincides with a remarkable period of economic growth; it enables India to keep pegging large defence outlays at a relatively low percentage of its GDP. India has clearly decided to link effectively with global markets in the shortest period of time and also stake a claim to the top militarily strong nations in the world even if it imposes continued sacrifices on the part of India's teeming millions still below the absolute poverty line. India's current pursuit of the status of a major military power is taking place against another shift in the global trends. As noted on earlier occasions in this column, the world may well be heading for a new phase of international anarchy. There is the continued weakening of the United Nations, and more ominously in the attenuation of arms control initiatives.


On March 6, the Chinese finance minister, Xiang Huaicheng, justified a 17.7% increase in his country's defence budget by citing the need "to meet the drastic changes in the military situation of the world and prepare for defence and combat given the condition of modern technology, especially high technology." The enhanced Chinese defence budget of $17 billion is still much below the current Japanese spending of $45 billion. Without any doubt, China is absorbing the lessons learnt during the Gulf war, the more recent NATO's war against Serbia and the possibility of further arms transfers to Taiwan by the United States. The Chinese are side-stepping their traditional conservatism in defence expenditure now partly because of the perception that the world may once again be entering a new period of high defence spending after years of a downward slide.


A study of Indian defence budgets in recent years indicates strong preoccupation with the cutting edge of technology to achieve a new mix between traditional weapon systems and the latest hi-tech innovations that come under the general rubric of Revolution in Military Affairs. For quite some time to come, India would not be able to mount anything resembling the Gulf War operations but already one can identify new Pakistan-specific features. Amongst them must be mentioned the quest for capability to launch formidable preemptive strikes with missiles and precision guided munitions, blitzkrieg attacks at more than one point in an otherwise large battle space and the threat of a naval blockade.


Pakistan's defence expenditure rose from Rs. 18 billion in 1981-82 to Rs 142 billion in 1999-2000. During this entire period, it has represented a higher percentage of the GDP than in the Indian case. Since the correlation between our economic growth and defence expenditure has been steadily becoming unfavourable, the option of any dramatic increase in defence outlays does not exist. The military assistance that had been revived on a substantial scale following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was cut off on October 1, 1990, over the nuclear question. The partial resumption of weapons sale allowed by the United States in 1995 specifically excluded the F-16 aircraft that


Pakistan had already paid for. Pakistan's efforts to diversify its sources of arms acquisition since then have only been partially successful. Very often rhetorical references to nuclear deterrence, dramatized by Pakistan's declared policy of rejecting non-first use of nuclear weapons, take the place of a comprehensive debate on national security. Meanwhile, an extended economic downturn marked by falling growth rates has combined with a noticeable degradation of social conditions to erode our comprehensive national power. The Pakistani defence planners are confronted with the challenge of working in a seriously constrained environment.


Pakistan can transcend the current plateau of defence spending only at the price of further degradation of its social conditions. Indeed, there is a school of thought in New Delhi that argues that Pakistan's decline can be accelerated by luring it into an open-ended arms race. In the crises of 1986-87 and 1990, Pakistan relied less on numbers and parity and more on innovation and tactical audacity. While it is not difficult to compile a register of Pakistan's arms acquisitions in the 1990s, information is lacking about the degree to which the defence establishment has been able to achieve synergy amongst force levels, doctrine, organization, mobility and technology. It is, therefore, difficult to assess the country's conventional deterrence.


Countless Pakistanis are genuinely concerned that at a time when the armed forces should concentrate hard on the operational, tactical and strategic imperatives of a smaller army called upon to successfully deter, and if necessary, ward off an attack by a much larger force, their professionalism is under a threat of erosion from too excessive an engagement with civilian and political life of the nation. A viable security policy for Pakistan depends on finding the right balance among several factors, particularly conventional deterrence, minimum credible nuclear deterrence, and intensified diplomacy aimed at conflict resolution and the removal of the causes of war in the region. The gestalt in which it is located would place a high emphasis on the restoration of comprehensive national power through positive action in the economic, political and cultural fields.


Given the constraints, conventional defence demands utmost ingenuity and creativity on the part of the general staff of our armed forces. Writing about the inherent unpredictability of war, Generals Paul Riper and Robert Scales of the United States wrote few years ago that " real war is an inherently uncertain enterprise in which chance, friction, and the limitations of the human mind under stress profoundly limit our ability to predict outcomes." If in the final analysis war is still a contest of human wills, even the most effective machines remain subordinate to superior strategic planning and operational implementation. Pakistan will have to constantly improvise and innovate to offset the numerical advantage of its potential enemies.


Our history of the last 50 years indicates that our land-fighting capabilities stand in need of knowledge-based upgradation. Disproportionate reliance on nuclear weapons tempts the enemy to limited conflict in which considerable, and perhaps irreparable damage may be inflicted below the nuclear threshold. It is important to know the limitations of nuclear deterrence. As a responsible nation state that has computed the cost of conflict as well as the peace dividend, Pakistan should intensify its efforts to initiate a genuine peace process in the region despite India's indefensible stone-walling of all recent initiatives from Pakistan or the international community. The core issue that has locked India and Pakistan into perennial confrontation is Kashmir; its negotiated settlement is a prerequisite to their final reconciliation. But the pre-eminence of Kashmir should not reduce the importance of engaging India on conventional and nuclear arms control and strategic restraint.


Several proposals made by Pakistan in the past decades have lost some relevance, as India would not accept the India-Pakistan equation as the main determinant of its military policy. It may thus be averse to arms limitation agreements with Pakistan. But what can still be undertaken is threat reduction through agreed steps such as low force zones, non-intimidatory deployment and a whole host of confidence-building measures - conventional and nuclear - that minimize the tensions generated by heavy armament programmes such as the one India is embarked upon at present. Future interaction between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan must factor the fears and apprehensions of either side to become a necessary element in the strategic calculations and decisions of the other sidehttp://www.1worldcommunication.org/defenceoutlays.htm


 


 

Indian ADRs  $1.44 bn in one week


Indian stocks trading on American bourses lost over one billion dollars last week, with IT bellwether Infosys accounting for more than


half of the total loss.

For the week ended August 14, Indian entities listed on two US bourses --the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq-- shed $1.44 billion from their total market capitalisation. Infosys' valuation alone plunged by $961 million.

Besides Infosys, two other major losers were banking majors -- ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. Two lenders, in total, lost $673 million.

The valuation of telecom firm Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd fell by nearly $76 million, while that of drug maker Dr Reddy's declined by $55.6 million.

Besides, outsourcing firms WNS Holdings and EXLService too witnessed an erosion of $50 million in their mcap.

The pack of losers include IT firms Mahindra Satyam and Tata Consultancy Services which shed $13.40 and $4.4 million respectively. Rediff.com declined by nearly $5 million.

However, Azim Premji-led Wipro, auto behemoth Tata Motors and NRI billionaire Anil Agarwal-led Sterlite Industries were among the pack of six companies, which gained on bourses during the week.

Sterlite Industries led the gainers pack and added USD 134 million in its market capitalisation, whereas Wipro and Tata Motors added $74 and 58 million, respectively.

BPO firm Genpact's valuation increased by $19 million and another IT company Patni Computer rose by $98 million, while internet firm Sify added $11.12 million.

Last week, the US Federal Reserve had said the country's economic activity is bottoming out and financial conditions have improved.

On Friday, the US markets ended in the red with the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) settling down by 0.82 per cent to 9,321.40 and S&P 500 ended at 1,004.09, down 0.85 per cent. Besides, tech heavy Nasdaq by fell 1.19 per cent to 1,985.52 points.

 

FII inflow in domestic stock markets just Rs 264 cr in August

FIIs have made a net investment of just Rs 264 crore in the domestic stock markets in August.








Analysis of FII activities in the Indian stock markets shows that overseas investors are, so far in August, a net purchaser of domestic stocks worth Rs 264.6 crore.

FIIs made a gross purchase of shares worth Rs 22,821.2 crore, while they sold equities valued at Rs 22,556.6 crore, resulting in a net investment of just Rs 264.6 crore, according to the data available with market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

However, it seems that during the period under review, the Indian debt market became a preferred choice for overseas investors as the segment attracted a net investment of nearly 2,200 crore.

FIIs, so far this month, have made a gross purchase of Rs 4,939.90 crore in the debt market, while they pulled out a gross Rs 2,742 crore from the segment, which resulted in a net investment of Rs 2,197.90 crore, according to the SEBI data.

In recent sessions, Indian stock markets witnessed volatile trading and during the same period, the Bombay Stock Exchange's benchmark index fell 1.65 per cent.

According to the SEBI data, so far this year, FIIs' inflow in stock markets has crossed Rs 35,000 crore.

However, this year in the debt market, they have still not turned a net buyer. Till now, they are net sellers of debt instruments worth Rs 1,145 crore.

 

Six in top 10 club add Rs 28,000 cr in market capitalisation

 As many as six among the top 10 firms added over Rs 28,415 crore to their market capitalisation in the past week, while companies like




NTPC, NMDC and IT bellwether Infosys Technologies saw their valuations dipping.

State-run NTPC and NMDC lost Rs 4,989 crore and Rs 5,154 crore, respectively, in their valuation during the week ended August 15.

The total market cap of NTPC stood at Rs 1,70,021 crore and NMDC at Rs 1,44,553 crore at the end of the week.

Meanwhile, India's largest oil producer ONGC gained the most by adding Rs 17,571 crore to its market cap, taking its total market valuation to Rs 2,60,985 crore at the end of the week.

The ONGC scrip surged 7.21 per cent last week to close at Rs 1,220.20 on the Bombay Stock Exchange on Friday.

The country's most valued firm, RIL, added Rs 6,044 crore to its valuation during the week ended August 15. RIL's market cap rose to Rs 3,20,172 crore at the end of the week.

Private sector telecom services provider Bharti Airtel jumped to fourth place from fifth after adding Rs 9,169 crore to its market cap, taking its total market valuation to Rs 1,54,892 crore.














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Trading firm MMTC and IT services provider Infosys Technologies lost Rs 1,112 crore and Rs 117 crore, respectively, during the last week.

The total market cap of MMTC stood at Rs 1,43,085 crore and Infosys Technologies at Rs 1,16,896 crore at the end of the week.

The country's largest, public sector lender, SBI, added Rs 3,527 crore and power equipment maker BHEL added Rs 1,060 crore to their market valuation.

Top outsourcing firm Tata Consultancy Services added Rs 2,417 crore to its market cap, taking its total market valuation to Rs 1,01,892 crore at the end of the week.

Besides the top 10 firms, two private sector lenders ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank together added Rs 2,145 crore to their market valuations.

At the end of the week, the total market cap of ICICI Bank stood at Rs 82,849 crore and HDFC Bank at Rs 60,884 crore.








US stocks could pull back as earnings end


16 Aug 2009, 2300 hrs IST, REUTERS



NEW YORK: US stocks could extend last week's retreat after a four-week advance as the earnings season winds down and investors search for signs that




consumer spending will help sustain an economic recovery.

Fewer than 50 Standard & Poor's 500 companies remain to report quarterly financial results, including the two major home improvement retailers, Lowe's Companies and Home Depot Inc. Clothing retailer Gap Inc and discount chain store Target are also on tap.

The recent evidence suggests consumers have not been a source of strength for improved growth.

Reports last week showed weak consumer sentiment in August and an unexpected decline in July retail sales.

"The markets are going to be looking at what kind of signal we're getting on the consumer sector. Because of high unemployment and the high savings rate, there are (worries) that consumer spending is going to be weak," said John Praveen, chief investment strategist at Prudential International Investments Advisers LLC in Newark, New Jersey.

Economic data this week will include reports on housing, manufacturing and inflation.


















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Major stock indexes fell last week, but before then, stronger-than-expected earnings had helped underpin a four-week stretch of gains for the market.

"I think it's too late to ride the 'we came back from the brink of disaster' rally," said Joseph Battipaglia, a market strategist at Stifel Nicolaus in Yardley, Pennsylvania. "Investors would be wise to take profits here."

Last week's light trading volumes could continue and may exaggerate market moves, analysts said.

For last week, the Dow Jones industrial average ended down 0.5 percent, the S&P ended down 0.6 percent and the Nasdaq finished off 0.7 percent. The S&P is still up about 48 percent from its 12-year lows in early March.

BERNANKE TO SPEAK, EARNINGS IMPROVE

Another factor that could influence the market's direction is a speech by Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke on Friday in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. He is expected to talk about the financial crisis at the Kansas City Fed Bank's economic symposium.

India blowing this news out of proportion, says US official

16 Aug 2009, 1717 hrs IST, Aseem Chhabra & Lakshmi Iyer, MUMBAI
 

India and Shah Rukh Khan may have gone into a tizz about the star being detained at Newark airport on Friday night but American authorities maintain




that it was a “routine formality ,” and have accused us of blowing the event out of proportion. Shah Rukh Khan who was travelling to the US for a show at Atlantic City, New Jersey, was held back after the computer at the Customs red-flagged his name. Shah Rukh who usually travels with an entourage was travelling all by himself except for his assistant Subhash Jain. He was stopped and taken to a separate room called the Passport Control Secondary.

“We did not detain him for two hours [as reported], but one hour and six minutes to be precise,” said Elmer Camacho, public affairs liaison for the US Customs and Border Protection Force, the federal government group that has the right to detain people at immigration and Customs checkpoints. “The airline he was travelling in had misplaced his bags and the time it took them to locate his bags is included in this one hour six minutes.”

Shah Rukh has said he was allowed to make only one telephone call and he contacted his friend and Congress member of Parliament Rajiv Shukla. “He sounded very upset,” said Shukla . “He said he’d been detained because of his name. They asked him unnecessary questions and wanted him to name people he knew in the US.”

After Shukla called the appropriate people, it is believed that the government took up the matter with the US Ambassador in Delhi, Timothy J Roemer, before the star was allowed to go.

While Camacho refused to go into details of the questioning, citing passengers’ privacy rights, he said the actor had not been ill-treated in any way. “It was a normal process, part of our security routine. He was taken to the Passport Control Secondary, which in the afternoons when several flights land together can get very very packed. From people being questioned to those who have migrated to the US, all are called into this room and people may have to await their turn till their name is called out.”

SRK himself termed the detaining as “uncalled for. They said I have a common name which is causing the delay... checked my bags... I felt angry and humiliated.”

India has since officially taken up the issue with the US Embassy in New Delhi, which said it was ascertaining details about the incident involving the “global icon” who was welcome to America. “He is a very welcome guest in the United States. Many Americans love his films,” said Roemer.

Rajiv Shukla who also heads the Indo-US Parliamentary Forum said there have been several incidents of racial profiling of Indians. “They have done it to late PV Narasimha Rao. They removed his dhoti, they have done it with NDA ministers like George Fernandes. In fact a number of film stars go abroad and suffer. Many simply do not talk about it ,” Shukla said. “They even did this with BJP MP Kirti Azad because of his surname. He was with a Parliamentary delegation to the US, yet he was not spared.”

I&B Minister Ambika Soni called for giving American visitors to India similar treatment while news agency IANS quoted SRK as saying, in response to a question whether he felt like meting out similar treatment to the Americans, “If they want I can frisk Angelina Jolie when she is here (in India).” Good to know his good humour has been restored.















Oil trader under scrutiny for phenomenal success


16 Aug 2009, 1640 hrs IST, REUTERS












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NEW YORK: An oil trader who has rocked Wall Street and the White House over his nine-figure salary clings to a low profile, quietly making trades



from a former dairy farm in Connecticut and emerging occasionally to satisfy his passion for art.

Andrew Hall, 58, a British-born naturalized American, has been phenomenally successful with the Citigroup unit Phibro, earning an estimated $100 million this year while the parent company reported a net loss of $18.7 billion in 2008 and took $45 billion in taxpayer bailouts.

In the previous five years, Hall earned more than $250 million, according to a Wall Street Journal analysis of securities filings and Hall's compensation structure.

That has allowed him to acquire a fabulous art collection including his favorites among the German neoexpressionists and the American Andy Warhol, and he displays his art in his 1,000-year-old castle in Germany.

But his pay packets also have grabbed the attention of Kenneth Feinberg, the White House pay czar who is examining the compensation of the top earners at financial companies that accepted government bailouts.

A source close to the bank told Reuters on Wednesday that Hall's contract will be exempt from review because it was signed before a cut-off date of Feb. 11, 2009. But a separate source familiar with the matter said Feinberg will have flexibility in applying his authority on a case-by-case basis.

To avoid a confrontation, Hall has proposed modifications to his contract, which could include converting some of his cash compensation into equity, the Journal reported on Thursday. Hall declined to be interviewed for this article.

"Andy Hall has had a genius for seeing where the market will be a year or two years out and booking bets that have been inexpensive to put on and hugely profitable," said George Stein, managing director of Commodity Talent LLC, who has been in touch with people who have worked directly with Hall.

"He's done this several times in his career and has attracted a following among oil traders and investors," Stein said. "Other oil traders would love to have his track record."

One friend, an art dealer, said Hall remains grounded despite his wealth.

India's Rising Military Expenditure


May 30, 2001

Tupolev TU-22I

ndia continues to arm and expand her Armed Forces at an unprecedented scale and yet talk of peace and stability in South Asia. India already has the third largest Army in the world and is the biggest military power in the South Asian region, with no external threat whatsoever to her security.


This feverish expansion in her military's aggressive potential is most likely to upset the regional balance of power in South Asia, thereby, destabilizing the region and may be edging it closer to an armed conflict.




"... While it is true that China is modernizing its forces, the prospective improvements need to be set against the very low-technology starting point of China's armed forces."


"... While it is true that China is modernizing its forces, the prospective improvements need to be set against the very low-technology starting point of China's armed forces."

In the present budget presented to parliament for the financial year 2001-2002 defence has been allocated Rs 620,000.00 million. This amount shows an increase of Rs 75,000 million over last year's revised estimates of Rs 544,610 million, or an increase of about 14 percent in defence spending this year. Last year India increased its defence budget by a whopping 28.2 percent or Rs 130,000.00 million. (by $ 3 billion to a total defence spending of $ 13.5 billion) Three years earlier in 1997 India's defence budget was increased by 24.4 percent and in 1994 by 20 percent. In between these major escalations there have been yearly increases ranging from 10 to 12 percent.


These large-scale increases in India's defence spending are certainly well beyond her legitimate defence and security requirements and consequently a source of great concern for her small neighbours particularly Pakistan which is now the only truly independent country on the periphery of India. This increase in India's defence spending has also surprised the foreign donors particularly those from the west who are helping India to cope with the financial and other losses after the disastrous earthquake in the province of Gujarat. It amounts to India diverting her own financial resources for unnecessarily expanding her Armed Forces and leaving the rehabilitation of the poor people of Gujarat to foreign sympathy donors.


Pakistan's Foreign Office voiced the governments deep concern and said India had launched itself on a massive programme of expansion of its conventional military capabilities without regard to regional stability. It strongly felt that the increase would upset the military balance in South Asia. The Foreign Office spokesman went on to say that "the massive acquisition of armaments by India is a cause for concern for Pakistan because the bulk of India's army is deployed on the Pakistani border. Therefore, we cannot but be deeply concerned." He also referred to India's huge 28.2 percent defence spending hike last year and the recent multi-billion dollar arms purchase from Russia.

Bofors FH77B

In Pakistan on the other hand defence expenditure has not been increased for many years now. In 1994 when India raised its defence expenditure by 20 percent, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had remarked at the time that even in view of India's 20 percent increase in its defence budget, Pakistan cannot watch it, because if it did it would not be able to meet the 5.4 percent budget deficit target agreed with the IMF by the Moeen Qureshi government. The same principle guided the Pakistan government thinking in 1997 when India raised her defence spending by 24.4 percent, from Rs 364.9 billion in 1996 to Rs 454.2 billion in 1997. Last year while India raised her defence spending by 28.2 percent, Pakistan did not react but in fact reduced her defence spending by 8 percent. The amount thus saved was diverted to the government's poverty alleviation programme.




"... Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. "


"... Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. "

This year the federal cabinet under the chairmanship of the Chief Executive General Pervez Musharraf has decided in principle not to increase the defence budget, as proposed by the debt Reduction and Management Committee. A few days later while addressing the Young Presidents Organization (YPO) at Lahore the federal finance minister Shaukat Aziz said that the defence budget was being reduced. He said it had already been brought down to 4.70 percent of the GDP from over 8 percent during the past several years. At present to country's defence budget constituted 20 percent of its annual budget. He went on to say that 50 percent of the budget went to debt servicing. Pakistan is keeping her defence spending within her financial constraints imposed on the nation by the self-destruct financial policies adopted by the elected and unelected caretaker governments during the past decade.


Increase in India's defence expenditure is mainly utilized for the purchase of modern weapons, and equipment from abroad. Some amount is also used for updating her large indigenous weapons manufacturing base at home. Some additional induction of manpower for new weapons including guns and missiles of raising units and formation HQ in the Army, new aircraft in the Air Force and new surface ships, submarines, and an aircraft carrier for the Navy are also required. India's defence allocation in any case is not a true reflection of her defence spending as large amounts are shown under different heads in other ministries for security reasons, and often to bypass export regulations of other countries from where banned items may be imported.

Aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov

India's recent negotiations and firm orders include 400 Bofors guns (used in Kargil) from Sweden, 310 modern T-90 tanks from Russia, mine-blast protection vehicles from Israel and ground and air surveillance devices for the army. The Indian Air Force was allocated a large amount for the purchase of 140 SU-30-MKI multirole fighter aircraft from Russia. 60 of the same aircraft were ordered earlier, 30 in 1966 and 30 in 1998, of these 18 aircraft have already reached India.


In addition to these India's Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis indicated at the 68th anniversary of the Indian Air Force that India was purchasing some more Mirage 2000 fighters from France, Jaguars from UK and M-17 helicopters from Russia. Negotiations are in progress for the purchase of a large number about 60-70 of advanced jet trainers (AJT) from UK.




"... India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov and 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. "


"... India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov and 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. "

For the Navy, India is purchasing a Russian aircraft carrier, the "Admiral Gorshkov". The carrier is a free gift but India has agreed to pay $ 650 million for a full refit of the ship. The Navy is also purchasing 40 Russian MIG-29K aircraft which would be the air arm of the new carrier. Another 26 could be added later. India has ordered three Krivak class frigates from Russia at a cost of about $ 1 billion. India is also negotiating with Russia for the lease of a nuclear submarine. The previous one INS "Chakra" was returned to Russia (the USSR) in the late 1980s after a three year's lease. The Navy has also purchased five KA-31 marine AEW helicopters. These could be used from the Russian aircraft carrier.


The 'Hindustan Times' reported from New Delhi on February 2nd 2001 that Russia was preparing to sign the lease of four TU-22M3 (backfire) long-range bombers armed with deadly KH-22 cruise missiles having a range of 500 km. The supersonic TU-22M3 bomber has a maximum range of 2410 km when flying at subsonic speed, and carrying a 12-tonne payload of bombs and missiles.

SU-30

The allocation for the ordinance factories and other defence production and research facilities has been increased four times for Rs 2,620 million to Rs 10,320 million this year. India's nuclear and missile programme are also being pursued with great vigour and a lavish allocation of financial resources. New Delhi is building a "Credible nuclear deterrent", which according to defence analysts could cost upto $ 500 million a year.


I asked the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to Pakistan, HE Eduard S. Shevchenko during his trip to Karachi recently that India's purchase of large scale modern armaments from Russia was a source of great concern to Pakistan.




"... Increase in defence spending will keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces. "


"... Increase in defence spending will keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces. "

Particularly so when a clause in the present Indo-Russian contracts stipulates that the same items would not be sold to Pakistan. I reminded the ambassador that during the 1965 Indo-Pak war we outgunned the Indian artillery by only one regiment of 12 guns. After the war India purchased 400,130 mm long range guns from the USSR. But the USSR sold a 100 of the same guns to Pakistan as well. Thus keeping a ratio of 4 to 1 between the two armies. A four to one superiority by India is acceptable and can be handled by Pakistan. A balance was, therefore, maintained.


The Russian ambassador to Pakistan Mr Eduard Shevchenko is a charming career diplomat and said with the greatest of candour that if Russia did not sell arms to India, it could purchase the same from other countries. This is certainly true as other western countries are only too willing to oblige India. Russia is the fourth largest arms exporter of the world, way down after USA, UK and France. The ambassador went on to say that he was not aware if Pakistan had in fact shown a desire to purchase arms from Russia. He seemed to imply that Russia would certainly consider the offer.

T-90

The former Indian Defence Minister George Fernandes was adamant in maintaining that the increase in defence spending "will help us keep up the pace of weapons upgrading and modernization drives in the Armed Forces".


He went to the extent of saying after the massive damage of over Rs 14,000 crore in the Gujarat earthquake that: "No matter what problems, economic or otherwise, the country may face, the national defence cannot be held hostage to it".


He did not care to clarify that he wanted a strong defence against whom, when India had only small neighbours to contend with. In any case most of the defence items being imported by India had strong offensive overtures. It was the offensive capability of the Armed forces that was being enhanced.


The Indian Prime Minister Mr Vajpayee was, however, worried about the fiscal deficit.




"... Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. "


"... Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. "

While defending the budget outlay he said that strong steps were needed to tackle India's fiscal deficit which is targeted for next year at 4.7 percent of the GDP against its present 5.1 percent. "The increasing fiscal deficit was becoming a cause for concern, which is why we have had to take some hard steps to control it". Vajpayee told reporters after Finance Minister Sinha's presentation. Mr Vajpayee who is a moderate and the future hope of peace in South Asia was certainly pressurized by the hawks, to raise the defence budget. Certainly a step in the wrong directions.


It must be appreciated by all that for peace in South Asia there must be peace and amity between India and Pakistan. By the induction of more lethal and destructive arms into the region the objective of peace cannot be achieved. Greater the quantum of arms, greater would be the mistrust between India and Pakistan and greater the tension between the two. When tension increases violent actions are bound to follow, shattering the desired political will for peace.


Instead of purchasing more arms and destabilizing the region, what is required urgently is to initiate some confidence building measures. The prospect of an armed conflict should be reduced to the minimum particularly in the present nuclear environment that exists in South Asia. Resort to arms has failed to solve Indo-Pak problems in the past and are not likely to do so in the future as well. Measures adopted so far by India and Pakistan with regard to Kashmir have certainly borne fruit. There is less tension along the line of control in Kashmir as the guns are silent and should continue to be so.


The next logical step should be a dialogue between India and Pakistan to solve the long outstanding dispute on the status of Jammu and Kashmir. Solving the dispute in a spirit of some compromise on either side should bring peace to the region which seems to be the desire of the people.



Text source: LTG Sardar F. S. Lodi,


Defence Journal, May 2001    






Tipping the balance

A Han Chinese man carries a spiked steel bar while using his mobile telephone to take photos as he joins a mob of Han Chinese men attacking Uighur properties in �r�mqi, China, 7 July. Ill feeling between the once-majority Uighurs and the Han Chinese who now threateen to overwhelm them demographically and culturally in the XUAR has played a major role in fomenting violence in the region. (PA)

Unrest in China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region has raised the profile of separatist militancy in the region. Jane's looks into the actions and claims of the Turkistan Islamic Party and assesses what threat it poses.


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The US Naval Air Facility, El Centro, was chosen because it mirrors the exact altitude and desert conditions found in Helmand province


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The facade of the new Terminal 2 at Sofia International Airport. (Sofia International Airport)

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13 August 2009

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Flagship programme: a rendering of the future HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales at sea. (ACA)

The manufacture programme for the UK Royal Navy's two new Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers is rapidly gaining momentum. Richard Scott examines the build strategy for this ambitious project


13 August 2009

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US Navy to spend $6bn on unmanned platforms


The five-year spending plan comprises USD4 billion for UAVs and USD1 billion each for unmanned surface platforms and unmanned underwater vehicles


12 August 2009

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Bad company - South Asia's regional criminal organisation

Protestors burn effigies of Pakistan’s President Asif Ali Zardari and Dawood Ibrahim the alleged mastermind of the 1993 Mumbai bombings, in Ahmadabad, India, on 6 December 2008, as they protest against the November 2008 attacks on Mumbai. (PA)

Having become one of India's most significant criminal syndicates, D-Company has allied itself with militant groups and even taken an active role in attacks.


11 August 2009

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USAF stands up new nuclear command

The USAF has brought its B-2, B-52 (pictured) and ICBM nuclear forces together under a single command for the first time since the Strategic Air Command was disbanded in 1992 (US Air Force)

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More News from Jane's



List of countries by military expenditures



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Jump to: navigation, search














Military spending

This is a list of countries by military expenditures per year using the latest information available. Some of the information is from the United States' Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook.


Note that for some countries, no information was available to the World Factbook's compilers; these countries were omitted from the list. Consequently, the total world expenditure on armed forces is likely to be somewhat higher than that given.








Contents

[hide]



[edit] Chart by country or organization





Military spending in 2005

Comparisons between figures in this table should be used with caution. There are comparison issues inherent with these figures: for example France, Italy and Spain include in their defence expenditures the costs of maintaining the Gendarmerie, Carabinieri and Guardia Civil- all of which are primarily domestic police forces. On the other hand some countries account military expenses under other budget voices: for example China, Mexico and Russia categorize spending on nuclear weapons, missile and fighter development as scientific expenses, spending on training are categorized under the education budget, and veteran pensions are afforded by welfare budget. The United States list spending on nuclear weapons under the budget for the Department of Energy, and much of the costs for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have been funded through emergency supplemental appropriations bills.


Note that this data is typically compiled by attempting to compute the local currency military expenditures, and then converting them at market exchange rates into a common currency. Therefore changes in the currency markets can cause a nations estimated military expenditures to change, even if that nation's budget remains constant. For developing economies, including China and India, this will result a smaller estimate than if the conversion were done using purchasing power parity. The differences can be substantial. For example, the Chinese Renminbi has a market price of 6.992 per US dollar at the market exchange rate, and an estimated purchasing power parity conversion of 3.694[1]. Using the purchasing power conversion would almost double the estimate of China's military expenditure. On the other hand, converting its entire military budget using a single purchasing power equivalent would be dramatically misleading, as many elements of the budget are not amenable to such a conversion and/or do not share the same conversion factor. For example, typical international commodities such as steel, copper, oil, used in the construction of various military equipment, high tech basic research, and foreign military purchases.





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Rank  ↓  ↓Country  ↓Military expenditures (USD)  ↓Date of information  ↓
World Total1,470,000,000,0002008[2]
NATO Total1,049,875,309,000[citation needed]
1Flag of the United StatesUnited States636,292,979,0002010[3][4]
Flag of EuropeEuropean Union Total312,259,000,0002008-2009
2Flag of the People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of China70,308,600,0002009[5]
3Flag of FranceFrance68,584,100,0002008-2009[6]
4Flag of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom65,149,500,000FY 2009-10[7]
5Flag of JapanJapan48,860,000,0002008[8]
6Flag of GermanyGermany45,930,000,0002008[9]
7Flag of ItalyItaly40,050,000,0002008[10]
8Flag of RussiaRussian Federation39,600,000,0002009[11]
9Flag of IndiaIndia32,700,000,0002009-2010[12]
10Flag of IraqIraq32,400,000,0002009[citation needed]
11Flag of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia31,050,000,0002008[13]
12Flag of TurkeyTurkey30,936,000,0002008[14]
13Flag of South KoreaSouth Korea28,500,000,0002008[15]
14Flag of BrazilBrazil23,972,836,0122009[16]
15Flag of AustraliaAustralia23,040,500,0002009-10[17]
16Flag of SpainSpain18,974,000,0002008 (est.)[18]
17Flag of CanadaCanada18,281,563,2102009-2010[19] [20]
18Flag of IsraelIsrael13,300,000,0002009[21]
19Flag of the NetherlandsNetherlands12,000,000,0002008[22]
20Flag of PolandPoland11,791,000,0002009[23]
21Flag of the Republic of ChinaRepublic of China (Taiwan)10,500,000,0002008
22Flag of GreeceGreece7,934,000,0002007[24]
23Flag of SingaporeSingapore7,860,000,0002009[25]
24Flag of PakistanPakistan7,800,000,0002008
25Flag of ColombiaColombia7,480,000,0002007[26]
26Flag of SwedenSweden6,309,137,7142007[27]
27Flag of IranIran6,300,000,0002005[28]
28Flag of MexicoMexico6,070,000,0002006[29][30]
29Flag of NorwayNorway5,725,000,0002007
30Flag of North KoreaNorth Korea5,500,000,0002005[31]
31Flag of ChileChile5,193,000,0002007[32]
32Flag of ThailandThailand5,000,000,0002009 [33]
33Flag of AlgeriaAlgeria4,997,000,0002009
34Flag of IndonesiaIndonesia4,740,000,0002008
35Flag of ArgentinaArgentina4,300,000,000NA
36Flag of MoroccoMorocco4,143,000,0002009
37Flag of South AfricaSouth Africa4,067,879,8402008-2009[34]
38Flag of BelgiumBelgium4,000,000,0002007[35]
39Flag of VenezuelaVenezuela4,000,000,0002007
40Flag of FinlandFinland3,700,000,0002009[36]
41Flag of PortugalPortugal3,497,800,0002003
42Flag of EgyptEgypt3,300,000,0002003[37]
43Flag of DenmarkDenmark3,271,600,0002003
44Flag of VietnamVietnam3,200,000,0002005 [38]
45Flag of KuwaitKuwait3,007,000,0002005
46Flag of AustriaAustria2,978,000,000FY08[39]
47Flag of RomaniaRomania2,900,000,0002007[40]
48Flag of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic2,840,000,0002008[41]
49Flag of PeruPeru2,829,300,0002009 [42]
50Flag of SwitzerlandSwitzerland2,548,000,0002005
51Flag of AzerbaijanAzerbaijan2,460,000,0002009[43][44]
52Flag of UkraineUkraine2,066,806,0002008[45]
53Flag of AngolaAngola2,000,000,0002005
54Flag of EcuadorEcuador1,691,776,8032008 [46]
55Flag of MalaysiaMalaysia1,690,000,000NA
56Flag of Sri LankaSri Lanka1,610,000,0002009 [47]
57Flag of the United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates1,600,000,000NA
58Flag of New ZealandNew Zealand1,526,000,0002008
59Flag of SlovakiaSlovakia1,408,000,0002008
60Flag of JordanJordan1,392,000,0002005
61Flag of HungaryHungary1,376,000,0002007
62Flag of the PhilippinesPhilippines1,348,000,0002007
63Flag of BulgariaBulgaria1,339,000,0002008[48]
64Flag of LibyaLibya1,300,000,0002007
65Flag of IrelandIreland1,300,000,0002007
66Flag of SerbiaSerbia1,200,000,0002007
67Flag of CroatiaCroatia1,140,000,0002008
68Flag of YemenYemen992,200,0002005
69Flag of SyriaSyria858,000,0002005
70Flag of BangladeshBangladesh836,900,0002007
71Flag of Georgia (country)Georgia780,000,0002007
72Flag of NigeriaNigeria737,600,0002005
73Flag of QatarQatar694,000,0002005
74Flag of CubaCuba694,000,000NA
75Flag of BahrainBahrain627,700,0002005
76Flag of LithuaniaLithuania621,000,0002007
77Flag of SudanSudan587,000,0002004
78Flag of LebanonLebanon540,600,0002004
79Flag of ArmeniaArmenia495,000,0002009[49]
80Flag of BelarusBelarus420,500,0002006
81Flag of EthiopiaEthiopia400,000,0002008/9[50][51]
82Flag of CyprusCyprus384,000,000NA
83Flag of UruguayUruguay371,200,0002005
84Flag of SloveniaSlovenia370,000,0002007
85Flag of TunisiaTunisia356,000,000NA
86Flag of MadagascarMadagascar329,000,0002005
87Flag of BotswanaBotswana325,500,0002005
88Flag of BruneiBrunei290,700,0002004
89Flag of KenyaKenya575,500,0002009
90Flag of EstoniaEstonia259,000,000FY06
91Flag of OmanOman252,990,0002005
92Flag of Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire246,600,0002005
93Flag of AlbaniaAlbania235,000,0002007
94Flag of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina234,300,000NA
95Flag of LuxembourgLuxembourg231,076,4802003
96Flag of CameroonCameroon230,200,0002005
97Flag of KazakhstanKazakhstan221,800,000FY02
98Flag of EritreaEritrea220,100,0002005
99Flag of UzbekistanUzbekistan200,000,000NA
100Flag of UgandaUganda192,800,0002005
101Flag of the Dominican RepublicDominican Republic180,000,000FY98
102Flag of GuatemalaGuatemala169,800,0002005
103Flag of El SalvadorEl Salvador161,700,0002005
104Flag of Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea152,200,0002005
105Flag of PanamaPanama150,000,0002005
106Flag of NamibiaNamibia149,500,0002005
107Flag of BoliviaBolivia130,000,0002005
108Flag of ZimbabweZimbabwe124,700,0002005
109Flag of AfghanistanAfghanistan122,400,0002005
110Flag of ZambiaZambia121,700,0002005
111Flag of GuineaGuinea119,700,0002005
112Flag of the Republic of MacedoniaRepublic of Macedonia117,710,0002006
113Flag of SenegalSenegal117,300,0002005
114Flag of CambodiaCambodia112,000,000NA
115Flag of MaliMali106,300,0002005
116Flag of NepalNepal104,900,0002005
117Flag of the Democratic Republic of the CongoCongo, Democratic Republic of the103,700,0002005
118Flag of BeninBenin100,900,0002005
119Flag of HondurasHonduras99,410,0002005
120Flag of TurkmenistanTurkmenistan90,000,000NA
121Flag of LatviaLatvia87,000,0002007
122Flag of the Republic of the CongoCongo, Republic of the85,220,0002005
123Flag of GhanaGhana83,650,0002005
124Flag of Costa RicaCosta Rica [52]83,460,0002005
125Flag of MozambiqueMozambique78,030,0002005
126Flag of Burkina FasoBurkina Faso74,830,0002005
127Flag of ChadChad68,950,0002005
128Flag of LiberiaLiberia67,400,0002005
129Flag of Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago66,720,0002003
130Flag of RwandaRwanda53,660,0002005
131Flag of ParaguayParaguay53,100,0002003
132Flag of the MaldivesMaldives45,070,0002005
133Flag of NigerNiger44,780,0002005
134Flag of MaltaMalta44,640,0002005
135Flag of BurundiBurundi43,900,0002005
136Flag of SwazilandSwaziland41,600,0002005
137Flag of LesothoLesotho41,100,0002005
138Flag of BurmaBurmaNANA
139Flag of FijiFiji36,000,0002004
140Flag of TajikistanTajikistan35,400,000FY01
141Flag of NicaraguaNicaragua32,270,0002005
142Flag of JamaicaJamaica31,170,0002003
143Flag of TogoTogo29,980,0002005
144Flag of DjiboutiDjibouti29,050,0002005
145Flag of IcelandIceland26,000,0002008[53]
146Flag of HaitiHaiti25,960,0002003
147Flag of MongoliaMongolia23,100,000FY02
148Flag of SomaliaSomalia22,340,0002005
149Flag of TanzaniaTanzania21,200,0002005
150Flag of MauritaniaMauritania19,320,0002005
151Flag of KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan19,200,000FY01
152Flag of BelizeBelize19,000,0002005
153Flag of Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea16,900,0002003
154Flag of the Central African RepublicCentral African Republic16,370,0002005
155Flag of MalawiMalawi15,810,0002005
156Flag of the SeychellesSeychelles14,850,0002005
157Flag of Sierra LeoneSierra Leone14,250,0002005
158Flag of the ComorosComoros12,870,0002005
159Flag of MauritiusMauritius12,040,0002005
160Flag of LaosLaos11,040,0002005
161Flag of Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau9,455,0002005
162Flag of MoldovaMoldova8,700,0002004
163Flag of BhutanBhutan8,281,0002005
164Flag of SurinameSuriname7,494,0002005
165Flag of Cape VerdeCape Verde7,178,0002005
166Flag of GuyanaGuyana6,479,0002003
167Flag of East TimorEast Timor4,400,000FY03
168Flag of BermudaBermuda, UK overseas territory4,030,0002001
169Flag of The GambiaGambia, The1,547,0002004
170Flag of San MarinoSan Marino700,0002005
171Flag of São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and Príncipe581,7002004


[edit] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute figures


The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute produces a list of the top 10 biggest spenders of military expenditure annually in their Yearbook publication. The following figures are calculated for 2008 using market exchange rates.[54]











































































RankCountrySpending ($ b.)World Share (%)
World Total1464.0100
1Flag of the United StatesUnited States607.041.5
2Flag of the People's Republic of ChinaChina84.9[55]5.8
3Flag of FranceFrance65.74.5
4Flag of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom65.34.5
5Flag of RussiaRussian Federation58.6[56]4.0
6Flag of GermanyGermany46.83.2
7Flag of JapanJapan46.33.2
8Flag of ItalyItaly40.62.8
9Flag of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia38.22.6
10Flag of IndiaIndia30.02.1


[edit] List of countries by military expenditure as a percentage of GDP





Map of the military expenditures as a percentage of GDP by country, CIA figures.

Below is a list of countries ranked by order of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP. This statistic reflects the importance of military buildup and army modernization for all countries. It also indicated how much priority each country places in military expenditure.


The greater a country spends on its military as a percentage of its GDP, the less money it will have to spend on other crucial aspects such as infrastructure and education, and the more likely it will come under scrutiny from other countries.[57]


The trend is that developing countries, especially Middle Eastern countries with emerging markets due to their oil wealth, and countries in proximity of conflict zones seem to be spending the most as a percentage of their GDP to modernize their military and to try to catch up with Western countries, which spend less as a result of having built a strong modernized military over the past few decades.


The source of this table is the World Fact Book 2008, published by the Central Intelligence Agency, available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html. Countries for which no information is available are not included in this list.



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Rank  ↓  ↓Country  ↓Military expenditures as % of GDP  ↓Date of information  ↓
1Flag of OmanOman11.42005 est.
2Flag of QatarQatar102005 est.
3Flag of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia102005 est.
4Flag of IraqIraq8.62006
5Flag of JordanJordan8.62006
6Flag of IsraelIsrael7.32006
7Flag of YemenYemen6.62006
8Flag of ArmeniaArmenia6.5FY01
9Flag of EritreaEritrea6.32006 est.
10Flag of the Republic of MacedoniaMacedonia62005 est.
11Flag of BurundiBurundi5.92006 est.
12Flag of SyriaSyria5.92005 est.
13Flag of AngolaAngola5.72006
14Flag of MauritaniaMauritania5.52006
15Flag of the MaldivesMaldives5.52005 est.
16Flag of KuwaitKuwait5.32006
17Flag of TurkeyTurkey5.32005 est.
18Flag of El SalvadorEl Salvador52006
19Flag of MoroccoMorocco52003 est.
20Flag of SingaporeSingapore4.92005 est.
21Flag of SwazilandSwaziland4.72006
22Flag of BahrainBahrain4.52006
23Flag of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina4.52005 est.
24Flag of BruneiBrunei4.52006
25Flag of GreeceGreece4.32005 est.
26Flag of ChadChad4.22006
27Flag of the United StatesUnited States4.062005 est.
28Flag of LibyaLibya3.92005 est.
29Flag of RussiaRussian Federation3.92005
30Flag of TajikistanTajikistan3.92005 est.
31Flag of CubaCuba3.82006 est.
32Flag of DjiboutiDjibouti3.82006
33Flag of CyprusCyprus3.82005 est.
34Flag of ZimbabweZimbabwe3.82006
35Flag of NamibiaNamibia3.72006
36Flag of ColombiaColombia3.52007 est.
37Flag of EcuadorEcuador3.42008 est.
38Flag of GabonGabon3.42005 est.
39Flag of EgyptEgypt3.42005 est.
40Flag of TurkmenistanTurkmenistan3.42005 est.
41Flag of AlgeriaAlgeria3.32006
42Flag of BotswanaBotswana3.32006
43Flag of the United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates3.12005 est.
44Flag of Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau3.12005 est.
45Flag of LebanonLebanon3.12005 est.
46Flag of the Republic of the CongoCongo, Republic of the3.12006
47Flag of the Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands32006
48Flag of CambodiaCambodia32005 est.
49Flag of EthiopiaEthiopia32006
50Flag of IndonesiaIndonesia32005 est.
51Flag of SudanSudan32005 est.
52Flag of PakistanPakistan32007 est.
53Flag of RwandaRwanda2.92006 est.
54Flag of the ComorosComoros2.82006
55Flag of EcuadorEcuador2.82006
56Flag of KenyaKenya2.82006
57Flag of ChileChile2.72006
58Flag of South KoreaKorea, South2.72006
59Flag of AzerbaijanAzerbaijan2.62005 est.
60Flag of LesothoLesotho2.62006
61Flag of FranceFrance2.62005 est.
62Flag of BrazilBrazil2.62006 est.
63Flag of Sri LankaSri Lanka2.62006
64Flag of BulgariaBulgaria2.62005 est.
65Flag of the Democratic Republic of the CongoCongo, Democratic Republic of the2.52006
66Flag of IndiaIndia2.52006
67Flag of IranIran2.52006
68Flag of VietnamVietnam2.52005 est.
69Flag of AustraliaAustralia2.42006
70Flag of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom2.42005 est.
71Flag of CroatiaCroatia2.392005 est.
72Flag of PortugalPortugal2.32005 est.
73Flag of Sierra LeoneSierra Leone2.32006
74Flag of FijiFiji2.22005 est.
75Flag of the Republic of ChinaTaiwan2.2
76Flag of UgandaUganda2.22006
77Flag of BurmaBurma2.12005 est.
78Flag of MalaysiaMalaysia2.032005 est.
79Flag of EstoniaEstonia22005 est.
80World22005 est.
81Flag of UzbekistanUzbekistan22005 est.
82Flag of the SeychellesSeychelles22006 est.
83Flag of FinlandFinland22005 est.
84Flag of AfghanistanAfghanistan1.92006 est.
85Flag of RomaniaRomania1.92007 est.
86Flag of NorwayNorway1.92005 est.
87Flag of MaliMali1.92006
88Flag of BoliviaBolivia1.92006
89Flag of SlovakiaSlovakia1.872005 est.
90Flag of GuyanaGuyana1.82006
91Flag of ThailandThailand1.82005 est.
92Flag of ZambiaZambia1.82005 est.
93Flag of ItalyItaly1.82005 est.
94Flag of HungaryHungary1.752005 est.
95Flag of PolandPoland1.712005 est.
96Flag of the People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of China1.72009
97Flag of BeninBenin1.72006
98Flag of GuineaGuinea1.72006
99Flag of South AfricaSouth Africa1.72006
100Flag of SloveniaSlovenia1.72005 est.
101Flag of Côte d'IvoireCote d'Ivoire1.62005 est
102Flag of the NetherlandsNetherlands1.62005 est.
103Flag of TogoTogo1.62005 est.
104Flag of UruguayUruguay1.62006
105Flag of NepalNepal1.62006
106Flag of BangladeshBangladesh1.52006
107Flag of SwedenSweden1.52005 est.
108Flag of PeruPeru1.52006
109Flag of NigeriaNigeria1.52006
110Flag of DenmarkDenmark1.5
111Flag of GermanyGermany1.52005 est.
112Flag of AlbaniaAlbania1.492005 est.
113Flag of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic1.462007 est.
114Flag of BelizeBelize1.42006
115Flag of UkraineUkraine1.42005 est.
116Flag of BelarusBelarus1.42005 est.
117Flag of KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan1.42005 est.
118Flag of Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea1.42005 est.
119Flag of TunisiaTunisia1.42006
120Flag of SenegalSenegal1.42005 est.
121Flag of MongoliaMongolia1.42006
122Flag of ArgentinaArgentina1.32005 est.
123Flag of CameroonCameroon1.32006
124Flag of NigerNiger1.32006
125Flag of MalawiMalawi1.32006
126Flag of LiberiaLiberia1.32006 est.
127Flag of BelgiumBelgium1.32005 est.
128Flag of LatviaLatvia1.22005 est.
129Flag of Burkina FasoBurkina Faso1.22006
130Flag of VenezuelaVenezuela1.22005 est.
131Flag of SpainSpain1.22005 est.
132Flag of LithuaniaLithuania1.2
133Flag of CanadaCanada1.12005 est.
134Flag of the Central African RepublicCentral African Republic1.12006 est.
135Flag of BhutanBhutan12005 est.
136Flag of MadagascarMadagascar12006
137Flag of SwitzerlandSwitzerland12005 est.
138Flag of PanamaPanama12006
139Flag of ParaguayParaguay12006 est.
140Flag of New ZealandNew Zealand12005 est.
141Flag of AustriaAustria0.92005 est.
142Flag of KazakhstanKazakhstan0.9FY02
143Flag of LuxembourgLuxembourg0.92005 est.
144Flag of TongaTonga0.92006 est.
145Flag of SomaliaSomalia0.92005 est.
146Flag of the PhilippinesPhilippines0.92005 est.
147Flag of IrelandIreland0.92005 est.
148Flag of the Dominican RepublicDominican Republic0.82006
149Flag of São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and Príncipe0.82006
150Flag of JapanJapan0.82006
151Flag of MozambiqueMozambique0.82006
152Flag of GhanaGhana0.82006 est.
153Flag of Cape VerdeCape Verde0.72005
154Flag of MaltaMalta0.72006 est.
155Flag of HondurasHonduras0.62006 est.
156Flag of NicaraguaNicaragua0.62006
157Flag of SurinameSuriname0.62006 est.
158Flag of JamaicaJamaica0.62006 est.
159Flag of Georgia (country)Georgia0.592005 est.
160Flag of BarbadosBarbados0.52006 est.
161Flag of The GambiaGambia, The0.52006
162Flag of the BahamasBahamas, The0.52006
163Flag of MexicoMexico0.52006 est.
164Flag of LaosLaos0.52006
165Flag of Costa RicaCosta Rica [52]0.42006
166Flag of GuatemalaGuatemala0.42006
167Flag of MoldovaMoldova0.42005 est.
168Flag of HaitiHaiti0.42006
169Flag of MauritiusMauritius0.32006 est.
170Flag of Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago0.32006
171Flag of TanzaniaTanzania0.22005 est.
172Flag of BermudaBermuda0.112005 est.
173Flag of Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea0.12006 est.
174Flag of IcelandIceland0.02005 est.
-Flag of EuropeEuropean Union0.7-4.32005-2007 est.


[edit] List of countries by military expenditure as purchasing power parity (PPP)


Here is a list of major spenders in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) estimated by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). These figures should be treated with caution since estimating defence expenditure using PPP can be misleading[58].


















































































Rank  ↓Country  ↓Military expenditures as PPP (USD billion)  ↓
1Flag of the United StatesUSA547
2Flag of the People's Republic of ChinaChina140
3Flag of RussiaRussian Federation78.7
4Flag of IndiaIndia72.7
5Flag of the United KingdomUnited Kingdom54.7
6Flag of Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia52.8
7Flag of FranceFrance47.9
8Flag of JapanJapan37.0
9Flag of GermanyGermany33.0
10Flag of ItalyItaly29.6
11Flag of South KoreaSouth Korea29.4
12Flag of BrazilBrazil26.1
13Flag of IranIran22.1
14Flag of TurkeyTurkey16.5
15Flag of the Republic of ChinaRepublic of China15.8


[edit] See also









[edit] External Links




[edit] Notes




  1. ^ Data as of Oct 2007. See Renminbi

  2. ^ The FY 2009 Pentagon Spending Request - Global Military Spending http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy09_dod_request_global/ Center for Arms Control and Non/Proliferation study

  3. ^ http://www.aip.org/fyi/2009/102.html

  4. ^ http://www.defpro.com/news/details/8887/

  5. ^ China's defense budget to grow 14.9% in 2009

  6. ^ Conférence de presse de M. Hervé Morin, ministre de la Défense

  7. ^ HM Treasury: Budget 2009

  8. ^ Asia Times Online

  9. ^ Deutsche Welle

  10. ^ http://www.scribd.com/doc/5207716/Budget-Difesa-ITALIA-2008.

  11. ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/07/content_11325911.htm

  12. ^ [1]

  13. ^ Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: The fifteen major spenders in 2007.

  14. ^ NATO-Turkey Compendium on Financial and Economic Data Relating to Defense

  15. ^ http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/01/205_16590.html

  16. ^ National Congress of Brazil. Brazilian Federal Budget (2009) - Ministry of Defense (Ministério da Defesa).

  17. ^ Australian Department of Defence (2009). Defence Portfolio Budget Statements 2009-10. Table 5, Page 19.

  18. ^ http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2009/p09-009.pdf

  19. ^ Departmental Planned Spending and Full-Time Equivalents

  20. ^ Exchange rates 14 Aug 2009

  21. ^ 51.6 mld NIS

  22. ^ Rijksbegroting

  23. ^ 25 mld PLN

  24. ^ Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

  25. ^ http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_337818.html

  26. ^ http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/descargas/Documentos_Home/Presupuesto_MDN_2007.pdf

  27. ^ Så fördelas pengarna

  28. ^ Iran's defense spending 'a fraction of Persian Gulf neighbors'

  29. ^ Global Firepower, Mexico profile

  30. ^ CIA World Factbook, Military expenditures

  31. ^ Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL): The U.S. military machine: North Korea bomb test in perspective

  32. ^ Saorbats, Chile profile

  33. ^ Ministry of Finance - Thailand.

  34. ^ Budget at a glance

  35. ^ Uitgaven

  36. ^ http://www.vm.fi/vm/fi/04_julkaisut_ja_asiakirjat/01_julkaisut/01_budjetit/20090126Budjet/Budjettikatsaus_suomi_NETTI%2bKANNET.pdf

  37. ^ Federation of American Scientists—Egypt Military Force

  38. ^ Global Security military expenditures

  39. ^ Austrian Budget for 2007-2008: 2.037 Billion Euros/ Exchangerate 1:1.46

  40. ^ (MoND Budget as of 2007)

  41. ^ The FY 2009 Pentagon Spending Request - Global Military Spending http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy09_dod_request_global/ Center for Arms Control and Non/Proliferation study

  42. ^ Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru.

  43. ^ The budget of the Azeri Armed Forces reaches $2 Billion

  44. ^ http://jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2373496 Azerbaijan military budget to increase by $343 mln from 2008 budget

  45. ^ Ukrainian Armed Forces White Book

  46. ^ [www.ccmr.org/public/library_file_proxy.cfm/lid/5590].

  47. ^ Ministry of Finance and Planning Sri Lanka.

  48. ^ План за организационно изграждане и модернизация на въоръжените сили до 2015 година

  49. ^ Armenian military budget 2009

  50. ^ Al Jazeera English - Africa - Famine-hit Ethiopia ups army budget

  51. ^ allAfrica.com: Ethiopia: Country to Spend $5.6 Billion in 2008/09 (Page 1 of 1)

  52. ^ a b Costa Rica abolished its military in 1949, but the CIA World Factbook counts the expenditures of the Ministry of Public Security as military spending. SIPRI lists the amount as "not available or not applicable", yet mentions "Expenditure for paramilitary forces, border guard, and maritime and air surveillance is less than 0.05% of GDP"

  53. ^ Icelandic State Budget for 2008

  54. ^ http://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2009/05/05A

  55. ^ SIPRI estimate

  56. ^ SIPRI estimate

  57. ^ World Politics Review | China's Latest Military Spending Increase Garners Anxious Reactions

  58. ^ The Chinese Defense Budget: Myths and Reality http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2007/04/23/the-chinese-defense-budget-myths-and-reality/


[edit] References




Military budget of the United States



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



Jump to: navigation, search

















The military budget is that portion of the United States discretionary federal budget that is allocated to the Department of Defense. This military budget pays the salaries, training, and healthcare of uniformed and civilian personnel, maintains arms, equipment and facilities, funds operations, and develops and buys new equipment. The budget funds all branches of the U.S. military: Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.


For the 2009 fiscal year, the base budget rose to $515.4 billion. Adding emergency discretionary spending and supplemental spending brings the sum to $651.2 billion.[1] This does not include many military-related items that are outside of the Defense Department budget, such as nuclear weapons research, maintenance and production (about $9.3 billion, which is in the Department of Energy budget), Veterans Affairs (about $33.2 billion), interest on debt incurred in past wars, or the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (which are largely funded through extra-budgetary supplements, about $170 billion in 2007). As of 2009, the United States government is spending about $1 trillion annually on defense-related purposes. [2]







Contents

[hide]



[edit] Budget for 2009



[edit] By title


The federally budgeted (see below) military expenditure of the United States Department of Defense for fiscal year 2009 is[1]:







































Components  ↓Funding  ↓Change From FY08  ↓
Operations and maintenance$179.8 Bil.+9.5%
Military Personnel$125.2 Bil.+7.5%
Procurement$104.2 Bil.+5.3%
Research, Development, Testing & Evaluation$79.6 Bil.+4.1%
Military Construction$21.2 Bil.+19.1%
Family Housing$3.2 Bil.+10.3%
Resolving and Management Funds$2.2 Bil.-18.5%
Total Base Spending$515.4 Bil.+5.7%

Not included in the DoD budget is $23.4 billion to be spent by the Department of Energy to develop and maintain nuclear warheads.[3]



[edit] By service























Service  ↓2007 Budget request  ↓Percentage of Total  ↓
Army$110.3 Bil.25.1%
Navy/Marine Corps$127.1 Bil.28.8%
Air Force$130.2 Bil.29.5%
Defense Wide$73.4 Bil.16.6%


[edit] Programs spending more than $1 billion


The $84.1 billion procurement budget includes several programs with 2008 allocations of more than $1 billion.















































































Program  ↓2008 Budget request[4]  ↓Change, 2007 to 2008  ↓
Missile Defense$8.8 Bil.-6.2%
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter$6.1 Bil.+23.0%
F-22 Raptor$4.6 Bil.+15.0%
Future Combat System$3.7 Bil.+8.1%
DDG 1000 Destroyer$3.5 Bil.+2.7%
Carrier Replacement Program$3.1 Bil.+117.7%
F/A-18E/F Hornet$2.6 Bil.-13.5%
Virginia class submarine$2.7 Bil.-1.1%
V-22 Osprey$2.6 Bil.+23.9%
MH-60R/S$1.6 Bil.+3.9%
C-130$1.6 Bil.+7.3%
Chemical Demilitarization$1.5 Bil.+16.6%
San Antonio class amphibious transport dock$1.4 Bil.+263.5%
Littoral combat ship$1.2 Bil.+30.4%
Stryker$1.2 Bil.+29.6%
Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle$1.2 Bil.+33.8%
Space-Based Infrared System$1.1 Bil.+59.9%
EA-18G Growler$1.6 Bil.+56.4%


[edit] Military budget and total US federal spending





Fiscal Year 2008 U.S. Federal Spending - Cash or Budget Basis

The U.S. defense budget accounted in fiscal year 2008 for about 21% of the United States federal budget.


Because of constitutional limitations, military funding is appropriated in a discretionary spending account. (Such accounts permit government planners to have more flexibility to change spending each year, as opposed to mandatory spending accounts that mandate spending on programs outside of the budgetary process.) In recent years, discretionary spending as a whole has amounted to about one-third of total federal outlays.[5] Military funding's share of discretionary funding was 50.5% in 2003, and has risen steadily ever since.[6]


For FY 2008, basic spending on defense amounted to roughly 4 or 5% of the national GDP, depending on the source.[7][8] For FY 2009, defense spending amount to 4.7% of GDP.[9] Because the U.S. GDP has risen over time, the military budget can rise in absolute terms while shrinking as a percentage of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget is slated to rise to $574.5 billion in 2014, up 12% from 2009 but representing a predicted decline to 3.09% of GDP.[10]


The recent invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan are largely funded through supplementary spending bills outside the Federal Budget, so they are not included in the military budget figures listed above.[11] In addition, the United States has black budget military spending which is not listed as Federal spending and is not included in published military spending figures. Other military-related items, like maintenance of the nuclear arsenal and the money spent by the Veterans Affairs Department, are not included in the official budget. Thus, the total amount spent by the United States on military spending is higher.



[edit] Comparison with other countries





Military spending as a percentage of GDP

The 2005 U.S. military budget is almost as much as the rest of the world's defense spending combined [12] and is over eight times larger than the military budget of China (compared at the nominal US dollar / Renminbi rate, not the PPP rate). The United States and its close allies are responsible for about two-thirds of the world's military spending (of which, in turn, the U.S. is responsible for the majority). In 2007, US military spending was above 1/4 of combined industrial and agricultural production in the USA.


In 2003, the United States spent about 47% of the world's total military spending of US$910.6 billion, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.


The United States spends 4.06% of its GDP on its military (considering only basic Department of Defense budget spending), more than France's 2.6% and less than Saudi Arabia's 10%.[13] This is historically low for the United States since it peaked in 1944 at 37.8% of GDP (it reached the lowest point of 3.0% in 1999-2001). Even during the peak of the Vietnam War the percentage reached a high of 9.4% in 1968.[14]



[edit] Commentary on military budget





Defense Spending 2006 - 2010




Defense Spending as % Outlays FY 1950-2007

During FY 2008, the U.S. government spent nearly $800 billion on defense and homeland security, approximately 32% of tax collections of $2.5 trillion.[15]



  • Department of Defense: $741 billion

  • Homeland Security: $52 billion

In February 2009, Congressman Barney Frank, D-Mass., called for a reduction in the defense budget: "The math is compelling: if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget starting fairly soon, it will be impossible to continue to fund an adequate level of domestic activity even with a repeal of Bush's tax cuts for the very wealthy. I am working with a variety of thoughtful analysts to show how we can make very substantial cuts in the military budget without in any way diminishing the security we need...[American] well-being is far more endangered by a proposal for substantial reductions in Medicare, Social Security or other important domestic areas than it would be by canceling weapons systems that have no justification from any threat we are likely to face."[16]


Republican historian Robert Kagan has argued that 2009 is not the time to cut defense spending, relating such spending to jobs and support for allies: "A reduction in defense spending this year would unnerve American allies and undercut efforts to gain greater cooperation. There is already a sense around the world...that the United States is in terminal decline. Many fear that the economic crisis will cause the United States to pull back from overseas commitments. The announcement of a defense cutback would be taken by the world as evidence that the American retreat has begun."[17]


U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates wrote in January 2009 that the U.S. should adjust its priorities and spending to address the changing nature of threats in the world: "What all these potential adversaries -- from terrorist cells to rogue nations to rising powers -- have in common is that they have learned that it is unwise to confront the United States directly on conventional military terms. The United States cannot take its current dominance for granted and needs to invest in the programs, platforms, and personnel that will ensure that dominance's persistence. But it is also important to keep some perspective. As much as the U.S. Navy has shrunk since the end of the Cold War, for example, in terms of tonnage, its battle fleet is still larger than the next 13 navies combined -- and 11 of those 13 navies are U.S. allies or partners."[18] Secretary Gates announced some of his budget recommendations in April 2009.[19]


The Congressional Research Service has noted a discrepancy between a budget that is declining as a percentage of GDP while the responsibilities of the DoD have not decreased and additional pressures on the defense budget have arisen due to broader missions in the post-9/11 world, dramatic increases in personnel and operating costs, and new requirements resulting from wartime lessons in the Iraq War and Operation Enduring Freedom.[20]



[edit] See also















[edit] References




  1. ^ a b http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy09/pdf/budget/defense.pdf

  2. ^ Robert Higgs. "The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here". http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1941. Retrieved March 15 2007. 

  3. ^ http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/archives/002238.php

  4. ^ Department of Defense: 2006-2008 Program Acquisition Costs by Weapon System

  5. ^ Congressional Appropriations: An Updated Analysis

  6. ^ "Fiscal Year 2002 Budget". Center for Defense Information. http://www.cdi.org/issues/budget/fy'02/. Retrieved 2006-07-13. 

  7. ^ Eaglen, Mackenzie; Eric Sayers (23-Mar-2009). "USA: A 21st Century Maritime Posture for an Uncertain Future". Defense Industry Daily (Watershed Publishing). http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/USA-A-21st-Century-Maritime-Posture-for-an-Uncertain-Future-05342/. Retrieved 12 July 2009. 

  8. ^ "Choices or Echoes?", Cato Institute

  9. ^ "Obama's Budget Would Return Defense Spending to Pre-9/11 Levels". The Heritage Foundation. http://www.heritage.org/research/features/BudgetChartBook/Obama-Budget-Would-Return-Defense-Spending-to-Pre-911-Levels.aspx. Retrieved 13 July 2009. 

  10. ^ CRS Defense: FY2010 Authorization and Appropriations, page 4

  11. ^ David Isenberg, Budgeting for Empire: The effect of Iraq and Afghanistan on Military Forces, Budgets and Plans

  12. ^ "World Military Spending". Global Issues That Affect Everyone. 2006-03-27. http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/ArmsTrade/Spending.asp. Retrieved 2006-07-13. 

  13. ^ CIA World Factbook. "Rank Order - Military expenditures percent of GDP". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html. Retrieved 2006-05-26. 

  14. ^ "Relative Size of US Military Spending from 1940 to 2003". TruthAndPolitics.org. http://www.truthandpolitics.org/military-relative-size.php. 

  15. ^ GAO-2008 Report Page 35

  16. ^ Barney Frank - The Nation

  17. ^ Robert Kagan - Washington Post

  18. ^ Gates-A Balanced Strategy

  19. ^ Slate-Gates Follows Through

  20. ^ CRS Defense: FY2010 Authorization and Appropriations, pages 6 - 8


[edit] External links








http://www.globalissues.org/article/75/world-military-spending

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